24. Electric Force & Field; Gauss' Law

Two metal spheres (A and B) are connected by a conducting wire. A positively charged rod is brought close to sphere A but is not touching sphere A. Sphere B is farther away. With the rod still close, the wire between spheres is disconnected, and the rod is then removed. The rod never touched either sphere. What is true about the charge on the two spheres?

A linear accelerator uses alternating electric fields to accelerate electrons to close to the speed of light. A small number of the electrons collide with a target, but a large majority pass through the target and impact a beam dump at the end of the accelerator. In one experiment the beam dump measured charge accumulating at a rate of −2.0 nC/s. How many electrons traveled down the accelerator during the 2.0 h run?