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Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism
Chapter 5, Problem 5.7a

Fill in the following table with the carbon source and energy source of each type of organism.
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Identify the types of organisms listed in the table. Common types include autotrophs, heterotrophs, phototrophs, and chemotrophs.
Understand the definitions: Autotrophs use carbon dioxide as a carbon source, while heterotrophs use organic compounds. Phototrophs obtain energy from light, and chemotrophs obtain energy from chemical compounds.
For each organism type, determine the carbon source: Autotrophs use CO2, and heterotrophs use organic compounds.
For each organism type, determine the energy source: Phototrophs use light, and chemotrophs use chemical compounds.
Fill in the table by matching each organism type with its corresponding carbon and energy sources based on the definitions.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Autotrophs

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food using inorganic substances. They utilize carbon dioxide as their carbon source and can derive energy from sunlight (photoautotrophs) or chemical reactions (chemoautotrophs). Understanding autotrophs is essential for categorizing organisms based on their nutritional strategies.
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Prototrophs vs. Auxotrophs

Heterotrophs

Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot synthesize their own food and must obtain organic compounds from other organisms. They rely on organic carbon sources, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and typically derive energy through the process of cellular respiration. This concept is crucial for understanding the ecological roles of different organisms.
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Carbon Source:Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs

Energy Sources

Energy sources refer to the means by which organisms obtain energy to fuel their metabolic processes. Organisms can be classified based on their energy sources into phototrophs, which harness light energy, and chemotrophs, which obtain energy from chemical compounds. Recognizing these classifications helps in understanding the diversity of life and energy flow in ecosystems.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which of the following is the best definition of the Krebs cycle?

a. the oxidation of pyruvic acid

b. the way cells produce CO₂

c. a series of chemical reactions in which NADH is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic acid

d. a method of producing ATP by phosphorylating ADP

e. a series of chemical reactions in which ATP is produced from the oxidation of pyruvic acid

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Textbook Question

All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions that occur in cells, such as photophosphorylation and glycolysis, are ________ reactions.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is the best definition of cellular respiration?

a. a sequence of redox reactions with O₂ as the final electron acceptor

b. a sequence of redox reactions with the final electron acceptor from the environment

c. a method of generating ATP

d. the complete oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and H₂O

e. a series of reactions in which pyruvic acid is oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O

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Textbook Question

Use the following choices to answer questions 7–10.

a. E. coli growing in glucose broth at 35℃ with O₂ for 5 days

b. E. coli growing in glucose broth at 35℃ without O₂ for 5 days

c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b


Which culture produces the most lactic acid?

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Textbook Question

Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generation. On Figure 5.16, mark the following using the appropriate letter:

a. the acidic side of the membrane

b. the side with a positive electrical charge

c. potential energy

d. kinetic energy

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Textbook Question

Use the following choices to answer questions 7–10.

a. E. coli growing in glucose broth at 35℃ with O₂ for 5 days

b. E. coli growing in glucose broth at 35℃ without O₂ for 5 days

c. both a and b

d. neither a nor b


Which culture produces the most ATP?

133
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