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Ch. 16 - Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host
Chapter 12, Problem 16.10a

NAME IT These agranulocytes are not phagocytic until they wander out of the blood.

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1
Identify the type of white blood cells that are classified as agranulocytes.
Understand that agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes.
Recognize that monocytes are the agranulocytes that become phagocytic after leaving the bloodstream.
Note that once monocytes exit the blood and enter tissues, they differentiate into macrophages.
Conclude that the agranulocytes referred to in the problem are monocytes, which become phagocytic as macrophages in tissues.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Agranulocytes

Agranulocytes are a type of white blood cell characterized by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm. They include lymphocytes and monocytes, which play crucial roles in the immune response. Unlike granulocytes, agranulocytes are primarily involved in adaptive immunity and can differentiate into various cell types, such as macrophages, when activated.
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Agranulocytes

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which certain cells, known as phagocytes, engulf and digest pathogens or debris. This mechanism is essential for the immune system to eliminate infections and clear dead cells. While agranulocytes like monocytes are not phagocytic in the bloodstream, they can become phagocytic once they migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages.
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Steps of Phagocytosis

Cell Migration

Cell migration refers to the movement of cells from one location to another, often in response to signals such as inflammation or infection. In the context of agranulocytes, this process allows them to exit the bloodstream and enter tissues where they can perform immune functions. Understanding cell migration is vital for comprehending how the immune system responds to threats and maintains homeostasis.
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