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Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis
All textbooksKlug 12th EditionCh. 21 - Genomic AnalysisProblem 24
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Chapter 20, Problem 24

Dominguez et al. (2004) suggest that by studying genes that determine growth and tissue specification in the eye of Drosophila, much can be learned about human eye development.

What evidence indicates that the eyeless gene is part of a developmental network?

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Hello, everyone and welcome to today's video. So Joseph Ella has been extensively used to understand biology, but it's the phenotype of the Drosophila carrying the first mutant A Leo of Groucho. Well, let's go over each of our answer choices and understand what is the name for each of these phenotype. First of all, we have white eyes and the name of this is going to be simply white, this is not going to be growth. So we're going to cancel this out. Then we have a large Nagy is taking out of the wind and this is going to be referred to as nudge. Again, it is not going to refer to be referred to as coaches. We're going to cancel it out, then we have lack of wings and this is going to be referred to as wingless, not the same as grow show. So we're going to cancel it out. Finally, we're going to have C which is extra Bristol's above their eyes and this is precisely going to be the name of these of the genotype or the A Leo causing this, which is going to be because of this. We're going to highlight answer choice. C as the final answer to our question, I really hope this video helped you and I hope to see you on the next one.
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Textbook Question

Yeager, M., et al. [(2007) Nature Genetics 39:645–649] and Sladek, R., et al. [(2007) Nature 445:881–885] have used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify novel risk loci for prostate cancer and Type 2 diabetes, respectively. Each study suggests that disease-risk genes can be identified that significantly contribute to the disease state. Given your understanding of such complex diseases, what would you determine as reasonable factors to consider when interpreting the results of GWAS?

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Textbook Question
Comparisons between human and chimpanzee genomes indicate that a gene that may function as a wild-type or normal gene in one primate may function as a disease-causing gene in another [The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium (2005). Nature 437:69–87]. For instance, the PPARG locus (regulator of adipocyte differentiation) is a wild-type allele in chimps but is clearly associated with Type 2 diabetes in humans. What factors might cause this apparent contradiction? Would you consider such apparent contradictions to be rare or common? What impact might such findings have on the use of comparative genomics to identify and design therapies for disease-causing genes in humans?
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Textbook Question

Dominguez et al. (2004) suggest that by studying genes that determine growth and tissue specification in the eye of Drosophila, much can be learned about human eye development.

What evidence suggests that genetic eye determinants in Drosophila are also found in humans? Include a discussion of orthologous genes in your answer.

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Textbook Question
Genomic sequencing has opened the door to numerous studies that help us understand the evolutionary forces shaping the genetic makeup of organisms. Using databases containing the sequences of 25 genomes, scientists examined the relationship between GC content and global amino acid composition [Kreil, D. P., and Ouzounis, C. A. (2001) Nucl. Acids Res. 29:1608–1615]. They found that it is possible to identify thermophilic species on the basis of their amino acid composition alone, which suggests that evolution in a hot environment selects for a certain whole organism amino acid composition. In what way might evolution in extreme environments influence genome and amino acid composition? How might evolution in extreme environments influence the interpretation of genome sequence data?
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Textbook Question

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is helping physicians diagnose a genetic condition that has defied diagnosis by traditional means. The implication here is that exons in the nuclear genome are sequenced in the hopes that, by comparison with the genomes of nonaffected individuals, a diagnosis might be revealed.

What are the strengths and weaknesses of this approach?

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Textbook Question

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is helping physicians diagnose a genetic condition that has defied diagnosis by traditional means. The implication here is that exons in the nuclear genome are sequenced in the hopes that, by comparison with the genomes of nonaffected individuals, a diagnosis might be revealed.

If you were ordering WES for a patient, would you also include an analysis of the patient's mitochondrial genome?

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