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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4, Problem 37

Box (a) represents 1.0 mL of a solution of particles at a given concentration. Which of the boxes (b)–(d) represents 1.0 mL of the solution that results after (a) has been diluted by doubling the volume of its solvent? (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Dilution

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by adding more solvent. When a solution is diluted, the number of solute particles remains the same, but the total volume increases, leading to a lower concentration. For example, if you have 1.0 mL of a solution and you double the volume by adding 1.0 mL of solvent, the concentration of the solute is halved.
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Concentration

Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. It is often expressed in units such as molarity (moles per liter) or mass/volume percent. Understanding concentration is crucial for predicting how changes in volume, such as dilution, will affect the properties of the solution, including its reactivity and behavior in chemical reactions.
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Volume and Solvent Relationship

The relationship between volume and solvent in a solution is fundamental to understanding how dilution affects concentration. When the volume of solvent is increased, the solute is spread over a larger volume, which decreases its concentration. This principle is essential for solving problems related to mixing solutions and predicting the outcomes of chemical processes involving solutions.
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Related Practice
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Identify the element that gets oxidized and the oxidizing agent in the reaction. (LO 4.19) (a) (b) (c) (d)
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The most strongly reducing elements are listed at the top of the partial activity series table provided. Use the activity series to predict which reaction will occur. (LO 4.20) (a) (b) (c) (d)

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The concentration of a solution of potassium permanganate, KMnO4, can be determined by titration with a known amount of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, according to the following equation: What is the concentration of a KMnO4 solution if 22.35 mL reacts with 0.5170 g of oxalic acid? (LO 4.22) (a) 0.6423 M (b) 0.1028 M (c) 0.4161 M (d) 0.2569 M
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Textbook Question
Assume that an aqueous solution of a cation, represented as a red sphere, is allowed to mix with a solution of an anion, represented as a yellow sphere. Three possible outcomes are represented by boxes (1)–(3):

Which outcome corresponds to each of the following reactions? (a) 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) S (b) Ba2+(aq) + CrO42-(aq) S (c) 2 Ag+(aq) + SO32-(aq) S
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Textbook Question
Assume that an aqueous solution of a cation, represented as a blue sphere, is allowed to mix with a solution of an anion, repre-sented as a red sphere, and that the following result is obtained: Which combinations of cation and anion, chosen from the fol-lowing lists, are compatible with the observed results? Explain Cations: Na+, Ca2+, Ag+, Ni2+ Anions: Cl-, CO3 2-, CrO4 2-, NO3
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Textbook Question
The following pictures represent aqueous solutions of three acids HA (A = X, Y, or Z), with surrounding water mol-ecules omitted for clarity. Which of the three is the strongest acid, and which is the weakest?

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