Fructose, C6H12O6, is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar and is found in many fruits and berries. Each carbon has four covalent bonds, each oxygen has two covalent bonds, each hydrogen has one covalent bond, and the atoms are connected in the sequence shown. Draw the complete struc-tural formula of fructose.

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Identify the molecular formula of fructose, which is C6H12O6.

Understand that each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds, each oxygen atom forms two covalent bonds, and each hydrogen atom forms one covalent bond.

Start by drawing the carbon backbone of the fructose molecule, which consists of six carbon atoms.

Add the hydroxyl (OH) groups and hydrogen atoms to the carbon backbone, ensuring that each carbon has four bonds, each oxygen has two bonds, and each hydrogen has one bond.

Double-check the structure to ensure that all atoms have the correct number of bonds and that the molecular formula matches C6H12O6.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell, leading to stability. In fructose, each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds, while oxygen forms two and hydrogen forms one. Understanding these bonding patterns is crucial for drawing the structural formula accurately.

Structural Formula

The structural formula of a compound illustrates the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. For fructose, this includes the specific connectivity of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Drawing the complete structural formula requires knowledge of how to represent single, double, and triple bonds between atoms.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. In fructose, the geometry is influenced by the tetrahedral shape around carbon atoms and the bent shape around oxygen atoms. Understanding molecular geometry helps in visualizing the spatial orientation of the atoms, which is essential for accurately depicting the structural formula.

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