Textbook Question
Name the regions of the atmosphere. What property is used
to distinguish between different regions of the atmosphere?
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Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior
Chapter 10, Problem 119
The percent by volume of oxygen (20.95%) is constant throughout the troposphere. (a) Express this percentage as a mole fraction.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Percent by Volume
Percent by volume is a way of expressing the concentration of a component in a mixture, defined as the volume of the component divided by the total volume of the mixture, multiplied by 100. In the context of gases, it indicates the proportion of a specific gas in the atmosphere, which helps in understanding its relative abundance compared to other gases.
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02:35
Constant-Volume Calorimetry
Mole Fraction
Mole fraction is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the number of moles of a specific component to the total number of moles of all components in a mixture. It is calculated by dividing the moles of the component by the total moles, providing a useful way to express concentrations in chemical reactions and gas mixtures.
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00:36Mole Fraction Formula
Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas through the equation PV = nRT. This law is fundamental in understanding gas behavior and allows for the conversion between different measures of concentration, such as percent by volume and mole fraction, especially in atmospheric chemistry.
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01:15Ideal Gas Law Formula
Related Practice
Textbook Question
The Earth's atmosphere has a mass of approximately 5.15 *
1015 kg. If the average molar mass of air is 28.8 g/mol,
how many moles of gas make up the atmosphere? What
is the volume of the atmosphere in liters under conditions
of STP? (Note: The average molar mass of air is the
weighted average of the molar mass of nitrogen and oxygen.
0.20132.0 g>mol2 + 0.80128.0 g>mol2 = 28.8 g>mol.)
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Textbook Question
The troposphere contains about three quarters of the mass
of the entire atmosphere. The troposphere is only 12 km
thick while the whole atmosphere is about 120 km thick.
Explain why the troposphere contains such a large fraction
of the total mass.
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Textbook Question
A driver with a nearly empty fuel tank may say she is 'running
on fumes.' If a 15.0-gallon automobile gas tank had
only gasoline vapor remaining in it, what is the farthest the
vehicle could travel if it gets 20.0 miles per gallon on liquid
gasoline? Assume the average molar mass of molecules in gasoline
is 105 g/mol, the density of liquid gasoline is 0.75 g/mL,
the pressure is 743 mm Hg, and the temperature is 25 °C.
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Textbook Question
Pakistan's K2 is the world's second-tallest mountain, with an altitude of 28,251 ft. Its base camp, where climbers stop to acclimate, is located about 16,400 ft above sea level. (a) Approximate atmospheric pressure P at different altitudes is given by the equation P = e-h/7000, where P is in atmospheres and h is the altitude in meters. What is the approximate atmospheric pressure in mm Hg at K2 base camp?
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Textbook Question
Pakistan's K2 is the world's second-tallest mountain, with an altitude of 28,251 ft. Its base camp, where climbers stop to acclimate, is located about 16,400 ft above sea level. (c) Assuming the mole fraction of oxygen in air is 0.2095, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in mm Hg at the summit of K2?
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