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01:52The oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) in body tissue produces CO2 and H2O. In contrast, anaerobic decomposition, which occurs during fermentation, produces ethanol (C2H5OH) and CO2.
(b) Compare the maximum work that can be obtained from these processes under standard conditions.
C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) ⇌ 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
C6H12O6(s) ⇌ 2 C2H5OH(l) + 2 CO2(g)
The conversion of natural gas, which is mostly methane, into products that contain two or more carbon atoms, such as ethane (C2H6), is a very important industrial chemical process. In principle, methane can be converted into ethane and hydrogen: 2 CH4(g) → C2H6(g) + H2(g) In practice, this reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen: 2 CH4(g) + 12 O2(g) → C2H6(g) + H2O(g) (b) Is the difference in ΔG° for the two reactions due primarily to the enthalpy term (ΔH) or the entropy term (-TΔS)?
The conversion of natural gas, which is mostly methane, into products that contain two or more carbon atoms, such as ethane (C2H6), is a very important industrial chemical process. In principle, methane can be converted into ethane and hydrogen: 2 CH4(g) → C2H6(g) + H2(g) In practice, this reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen: 2 CH4(g) + 1/2 O2(g) → C2H6(g) + H2O(g) (c) Explain how the preceding reactions are an example of driving a nonspontaneous reaction, as discussed in the 'Chemistry and Life' box in Section 19.7.
At what temperatures is the following reaction, the reduction of magnetite by graphite to elemental iron, spontaneous? Fe3O4(s) + 2 C(s, graphite) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 Fe(s)
An ice cube with a mass of 20 g at -20 °C (typical freezer temperature) is dropped into a cup that holds 500 mL of hot water, initially at 83 °C. What is the final temperature in the cup? The density of liquid water is 1.00 g>mL; the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.03 J>g@C; the specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.184 J>g@C; the enthalpy of fusion of water is 6.01 kJ>mol.
