(a) The density of diamond is 3.5 g>cm3, and that of graphite is 2.3 g>cm3. Based on the structure of buckminsterfullerene, what would you expect its density to be relative to these other forms of carbon?

Key Concepts

Density

Density is defined as mass per unit volume, typically expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). It is a physical property that can help distinguish between different materials. In the context of carbon allotropes, density can provide insights into their structural arrangement and bonding, influencing how tightly the atoms are packed.

Allotropes of Carbon

Carbon exhibits several allotropes, including diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene, each with distinct structural properties. Diamond has a tetrahedral lattice structure, leading to high density, while graphite has a layered structure that allows for lower density. Buckminsterfullerene, with its spherical structure, is expected to have a density that falls between those of diamond and graphite due to its unique arrangement of carbon atoms.

Molecular Structure and Density Relationship

The molecular structure of a substance significantly influences its density. In carbon allotropes, the arrangement of carbon atoms and the type of bonding (covalent in diamond, van der Waals in graphite) determine how closely packed the atoms are. Buckminsterfullerene's spherical structure suggests a lower density than diamond but potentially higher than graphite, as its unique geometry allows for a different packing efficiency.