Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Problem 4

Chapter 39, Problem 4

Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in which water from urine is reabsorbed into the bloodstream is the .

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Identify the organ involved in water reabsorption in reptiles, which is similar to that in mammals.

Recognize that the organ responsible for reabsorbing water from urine back into the bloodstream in reptiles, including Gila monsters, is the kidney.

Understand that the kidney's function includes filtering blood, absorbing essential nutrients and water, and excreting waste products as urine.

Recall that the process of water reabsorption in the kidney helps in maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.

Conclude that the correct term to fill in the blank is 'kidney'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Kidney Function

The kidneys are vital organs that filter blood, remove waste, and regulate water and electrolyte balance. They play a crucial role in reabsorbing water from urine back into the bloodstream, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Nephrons

Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and a tubule. They are responsible for the filtration of blood and the reabsorption of water and nutrients, allowing the body to conserve water and produce concentrated urine.

Water Reabsorption

Water reabsorption is the process by which the kidneys reclaim water from urine before it is excreted. This process occurs primarily in the renal tubules, particularly in the loop of Henle and the collecting ducts, and is regulated by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

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Textbook Question

Which of the following statements regarding fishes that live in fresh water is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement. T/F Water moves across the gills via osmosis until equilibrium is established, at which time the water molecules stop moving. T/F They lose water to their environment primarily through the gills. They replace this water by drinking. T/F Water enters epithelial cells in their gills via osmosis. Electrolytes leave the same cells via diffusion. T/F They have specialized epithelia that actively pump electrolytes from the environment into the blood.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following organisms would lose the most water by osmosis across its gills? a. marine bony fish b. shark c. freshwater fish d. freshwater invertebrate

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Textbook Question

What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the nephron? a. It increases water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. b. It decreases water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. c. It increases water permeability of the collecting duct. d. It decreases water permeability of the collecting duct.

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Textbook Question

Compare and contrast the types of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals. Identify which type can be excreted with the least water, which is most toxic, and which waste is excreted by bony fishes, by mammals, and by insects. Which type would you expect to be produced by embryos inside eggs laid on land?

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Textbook Question

The chloride cells of fish gills have a high density of mitochondria. How does this characteristic relate to the functional role of chloride cells? Would you expect other epithelial cells involved in ion transport to contain large numbers of mitochondria? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Explain why mammals would not be able to produce concentrated urine if their nephrons lacked loops of Henle.

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