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Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution

Chapter 21, Problem 4b

(b)In the sequence for the mouse, circle any amino acid that differs from the sequence for the chimpanzee, gorilla, and rhesus monkey. Then draw a box around any amino acid that differs from the human sequence.

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Hi everyone here's our next problem based on the three short segments of fox P. Two proteins of four animal species which of the following species has the same amino acid sequence as chimpanzees. So we'll highlight our chimpanzee here. That's the sequence we're comparing it to. And let's look at choice a human. Um Here's the human and when we compare these two sequences we see that the human and chimpanzee sequences differ here in the middle so they are not the same and therefore human is not our correct choice. So we'll move on to our next choice possibility and the next is B mouse the mouse sequence. And when we look at this two we see actually mouse and chimpanzee are identical. So our answer here seems to be mouse. That's a little surprising since human is a choice but it just goes to show you the limitations of here. We're looking at just a short sequence of one of one protein here. So not looking at the whole genome or anything like that. So let's move on just for the sake of being thorough and look down we've got C. Z. Finch raise our mouse here, chimpanzee and Z. Finch and when we look at their amino acid sequences they differ in one at the end so that's not our answer. They're not identical. And finally choice D. Snake. Well snake isn't even one of our choices so d obviously not our answer. So we have choice. B mouse as the answer to this question of which in this particular segment has the same amino acid sequence as chimpanzees. See you in the next video.
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Homeotic genes a. encode transcription factors that control the expression of genes responsible for specific anatomical structures. b. are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods. c. are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain. d. encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.

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Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity? a. gene duplication b. alternative splicing c. exon shuffling d. random point mutations

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Textbook Question
DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences (using single letters; see Figure 5.14) of three short segments of the FOXP2 protein from five species. These segments contain all amino acid differences between the FOXP2 proteins of these species. Compare the amino acid sequences by answering parts (a)–(d). Chimpanzee PKSSD ... TSSTT ... NARRD Mouse PKSSE ... TSSTT ... NARRD Gorilla PKSSD ... TSSTT ... NARRD Human PKSSD ... TSSNT ... SARRD Rhesus monkey PKSSD ... TSSTT ... NARRD (a)Circle the names of any species that have identical amino acid sequences for the FOXP2 protein.
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Textbook Question

Below are the amino acid sequences (using single letters; see Figure 5.14) of three short segments of the FOXP2 protein from five species. These segments contain all amino acid differences between the FOXP2 proteins of these species. Compare the amino acid sequences by answering parts (a)–(d).


b. In the sequence for the mouse, circle any amino acid that differs from the sequence for the chimpanzee, gorilla, and rhesus monkey. Then draw a box around any amino acid that differs from the human sequence.

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Textbook Question

(d)Primates and rodents diverged about 65 million years ago, and chimpanzees and humans diverged about 6 million years ago (see Figure 21.17). How many amino acid differences are there between the sequence for the mouse and the sequence for the chimpanzee, gorilla, and rhesus monkey? How many amino acid differences are there between the human se-quence and the sequence for the chimpanzee, gorilla, and rhesus monkey? Based solely on the numbers of amino acid differences occurring over these time periods, what might you hypothesize about the rate of evolution of the FOXP2gene? Based on the information in the chapter regarding the FOXP2 gene, is your hypothesis correct?

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