Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following: a. ammonium ions b. bicarbonate c. calcium d. chloride e. hydrogen ions f. magnesium g. phosphate h. potassium i. sodium j. water Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone.

Video transcript

Hi, everyone. Let's look at our next problem. Answer the question by choosing responses from the following and we have six statements. And then our question says which of the above options correctly matches the ions with their description. A one and two B 23 and six C three and five or D 45 and six. So we'll read through the statements one at a time and pick the ones that have a correct matching of ion and description. So number one says sodium plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of hydrogen ions in the kidneys. Well, this one is not correct. Sodium plays a crucial role in the secretion of hydrogen ions in the kidneys. And that's because for each molecule of hydrogen that is secreted into the filtrate, one sodium ion is reabsorbed from the filtrate. This maintains the electrical balance in the tubule cells. So every H plus secreted, there's one and A plus reabsorbed. So choice one is not a correct matching. Number two says potassium present outside the cell in 10 times higher concentration than inside. Well, this one is also not correct. Potassium concentration is higher inside the cell than outside that's balanced with sodium concentration, which is higher outside the cell. So number two is not correct. Number three says calcium, its concentration in the blood is increased by parathyroid hormone or PTH. Well, this is correct pth increases calcium concentration in three ways. I'll jot that down at the bottom. It increases reabsorption by the kidneys. So I put PTH and then calcium. So pth increases calcium reabsorption by the kidneys. It increases osteoclast activity, osteoclast, breakdown bone and that releases calcium from the bone into the bloodstream. And then PTH activates vitamin D which increases calcium absorption from the intestines. So, calcium concentration in the blood is definitely increased by PTH since it acts in those three different ways to that effect. Let's look at. Number four, hydrogen ions are secreted in the renal tubules to reabsorb potassium ions. While this is not correct hydrogen ions are secreted in the renal tubules to reabsorb bicarbonate ions. And this is part of that process of maintaining the Ph of the body. Since the bicarbonate a acts as a buffer and various metabolic processes generate hydrogen ions. So the body gets rid of the hydrogen ions and regenerates bicarbonate, reabsorbs bicarbonate to maintain that Ph balance. Number five says phosphate, parathyroid hormone or PTH acts on the kidneys to decrease phosphate reabsorption resulting in increased urinary excretion of phosphate. And this is correct. PTH has opposite effects on the concentration of calcium in the blood and the concentration of phosphate while PTH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium, it causes the kidneys to decrease their phosphate reabsorption and secrete more of it. So number five is a correct pairing. Then finally, we're on to number six ammonium ions which says helps in the formation of urea and the DC T. Well, this one is not correct urea is formed by the urea cycle in which ammonia, which is toxic, is converted to urea. So, ammonium ions are not involved directly in the urea cycle. So number six is not a correct pairing. So we see we have just two correct answers here and that is three and five which matches choice C. So again, which of the following above options correctly matches the ions with their description choice C three and five. See you in the next video.