Textbook Question
What happens to the pH of a solution when hydrogen ions are added?
a. The pH increases.
b. The pH decreases.
c. The pH does not change.
d. The pH does not measure hydrogen ion concentration.
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Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
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Erin C. Amerman 2nd EditionCh. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base HomeostasisProblem 25.4a
Erin C. Amerman 2nd EditionCh. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base HomeostasisProblem 25.4aChapter 25, Problem 25.4a
As a percentage of body weight, the total body water tends to be higher in ________ and lower in ________ .
a. infants; men
b. women; men
c. men; infants
d. infants; women
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that total body water as a percentage of body weight varies with age and sex.
Recognize that infants have a higher percentage of body water compared to adults because they have less fat and more water content.
Acknowledge that women generally have a lower percentage of body water compared to men due to higher body fat content.
Consider the options given: a. infants; men, b. women; men, c. men; infants, d. infants; women.
Identify that the correct answer is the one where infants have higher body water percentage and women have lower body water percentage.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Total Body Water (TBW)
Total Body Water refers to the amount of water contained in the body, which is crucial for various physiological functions. It is typically expressed as a percentage of body weight and varies among different populations due to factors like age, sex, and body composition.
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Body Composition Differences
Body composition differences, particularly between genders and age groups, significantly influence TBW percentages. Generally, infants have a higher percentage of body water due to their lower body fat and higher metabolic needs, while adult women tend to have a lower percentage compared to men due to higher fat mass.
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Physiological Implications of TBW
The percentage of total body water has important physiological implications, affecting hydration status, nutrient transport, and thermoregulation. Understanding these differences helps in clinical assessments and interventions, particularly in populations like infants and the elderly, who may be more vulnerable to dehydration.
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A laboratory printout of arterial blood gases indicates that a patient has an increased Pco₂ , decreased pH, and normal bicarbonate ion concentration. Is this patient in acidosis or alkalosis? Is the pH disturbance respiratory or metabolic in nature? Explain your reasoning. How long do you think the patient has had this pH disturbance? (Hint: Look at the bicarbonate ion concentration. What system controls the concentration of bicarbonate ions, and how quickly does it compensate for pH disturbances?)
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Fill in the blanks. A cell in a/an ________ fluid will lose water, and a cell in a/an ________ fluid will gain water.
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