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Ch. 16 The Endocrine System

Chapter 16, Problem 16.2a

Which of the following is not a potential effect that a hormone could have on its target cell?


a. Activating genes in the DNA

b. Stimulating cellular division

c. Altering the permeability of the plasma membrane

d. All of the above are potential effects of a hormone on its target cell.

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Hi, everyone. Let's take a look at this practice problem together. Steroid hormones like cortisol and estrogen often bind to receptors located within the cytoplasm or nucleus. The hormone receptor complex acts as a, the answer options are a promoter. B terminator C transcription factor and D silencer. So, recall what each of these answer options is. And if we know their functions, we can quickly narrow down the answer right off the bat. Note that a promoter, a terminator and a silencer are all specific DNA sequences. A promoter is where protein combine DNA and start transcription. A terminator is a specific DNA sequence that signals the stop of transcription. And a silencer is a regulatory DNA sequence that can prevent transcription. So options A B and D are types of DNA sequences. Now, the steroid hormone receptor complex is not a DNA sequence and does not act as a DNA sequence. So options A B and D are all incorrect answer. Choices. A transcription factor. Option C is a protein that combin DNA sequences to control the rate of transcription. So your hormone receptor complex acts as a protein. The correct answer therefore is option C transcription factor All right, everyone. I hope you found this helpful and I'll see you soon for the next practice problem.
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Which of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is false?


a. Secretion from the adrenal medulla is triggered by ACTH and the sympathetic nervous system.

b. The adrenal medulla consists of glandular epithelial cells.

c. The adrenal medulla is a modified postsynaptic sympathetic ganglion.

d. The products of the adrenal medulla prolong the effects of the sympathetic response.

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Textbook Question

Explain how insulin and glucagon are antagonists.

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Textbook Question

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by______ , and type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by_____.


a. hypoglycemia; destruction of the pancreatic β cells

b. destruction of the pancreatic β cells; destruction of the pancreatic α cells

c. insulin resistance; destruction of the pancreatic β cells

d. destruction of the pancreatic β cells; insulin resistance

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Textbook Question

Match the following hormones with their correct descriptions.      


_____Leptin      

_____Atrial natriuretic peptide      

_____Melatonin      

_____Estrogens      

_____Erythropoietin      

_____Testosterone


a. Produced by the pineal gland; regulates the sleep/wake cycle

b. Produced by the kidneys; regulates red blood cell production

c. Produced by the heart; promotes sodium ion loss in the kidneys and vasodilation

d. Produced by the testes; promotes androgenic and anabolic actions

e. Produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety

f. Produced by the ovaries; regulate the menstrual cycle and the development of secondary sex characteristics

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Females with hormone-secreting tumors of the adrenal cortex occasionally develop male secondary sex characteristics. Explain why this may happen.

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Textbook Question

A new diet guru claims hypersecretion of cortisol is the reason why so many people are obese. He is marketing a dietary supplement that is supposedly able to block cortisol secretion and lead to weight loss. How would cortisol hypersecretion cause weight gain? Would blocking normal cortisol secretion lead to weight loss? Why or why not?

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