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Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology
Chapter 10, Problem 10.21a

Mark the following statements as true for smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and/or skeletal muscle tissue.          


a. ____Actin attaches to dense bodies.          ​​​​
b. ____Cells are joined by intercalated discs.          ​​​​
c. ____The thick and thin filaments are arranged into sarcomeres.          ​​​​
d. ____The thick filaments contain myosin heads along their entire length.          ​​​​
e. ____The cells depolarize and contract as a unit.          ​​​​
f. ____ Ca2+ binding to troponin is the initiating event of contraction.          ​​​​
g. ____Ca2+ binding to calmodulin is the initiating event of contraction.          ​​​​
h. ____The sarcolemma has a distinct motor end plate.

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1
Identify the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue: Actin attaches to dense bodies, and Ca2+ binding to calmodulin initiates contraction.
Identify the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue: Cells are joined by intercalated discs, and the cells depolarize and contract as a unit.
Identify the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue: The thick and thin filaments are arranged into sarcomeres, and Ca2+ binding to troponin initiates contraction.
Consider the presence of myosin heads along the entire length of thick filaments, which is a feature of smooth muscle tissue.
Determine which muscle type has a distinct motor end plate, a characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Muscle Tissue Types

There are three main types of muscle tissue: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in walls of hollow organs; cardiac muscle is also involuntary and makes up the heart; skeletal muscle is voluntary and attached to bones. Each type has distinct structural and functional characteristics that determine how they contract and respond to stimuli.
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Contraction Mechanisms

Muscle contraction is primarily driven by the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. In skeletal muscle, contraction is initiated by calcium binding to troponin, while in smooth muscle, calcium binds to calmodulin. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for differentiating how each muscle type contracts and the role of calcium in these processes.
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Cellular Structures

Different muscle tissues have unique cellular structures that influence their function. For instance, cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs, allowing synchronized contraction, while smooth muscle cells attach to dense bodies. Skeletal muscle fibers are organized into sarcomeres, which are the basic contractile units. Recognizing these structures is essential for understanding the physiological properties of each muscle type.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which of the following best describes single-unit smooth muscle tissue?


a. The fibers function individually.

b. It is found in organs that require precise control of contraction.

c. It contains gap junctions that couple the fibers electrically.

d. The amount of tension produced varies with the number of muscle cells recruited.

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Textbook Question

How does a skeletal muscle fiber differ structurally from typical cells?

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Textbook Question

Some athletes will consume only protein for several days before a competition, which reduces the amount of glycogen in both the muscle fibers and the liver. What effect would this have on their ability to perform activities that require short, powerful bursts of activity? How would it affect their ability to perform endurance activities?

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Textbook Question

Ms. Sanchez was in a motorcycle accident in which she lost the use of her right upper limb muscles due to significant nerve damage. However, when an electrode is inserted into her muscles, they are able to contract. Explain specifically why nerve damage caused her to lose the use of her muscles. Why can they still respond to stimulation from an electrode?

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Textbook Question

Match the following terms with the correct definition.      


____Z-disc     

____Sarcomere     

____A band     

____H zone     

____I band     

____M line


a. The dark band containing the entire length of the thick filament

b. The band of proteins in the middle of the H zone

c. The boundary between sarcomeres

d. The functional unit of contraction

e. The middle region of the A band containing only thick filaments

f. The light band containing only thin filaments

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Textbook Question

Mr. Nasheed has cerebral palsy and suffers severe skeletal muscle spasms as a result of his condition. He is prescribed the drug dantrolene, which prevents the release of Ca2+ from the SR. Explain how this will treat his muscle spasms.

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