Chapter 10, Problem 10.4a
Mr. Nasheed has cerebral palsy and suffers severe skeletal muscle spasms as a result of his condition. He is prescribed the drug dantrolene, which prevents the release of Ca2+ from the SR. Explain how this will treat his muscle spasms.
Video transcript
Mark the following statements as true for smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and/or skeletal muscle tissue.
a. ____Actin attaches to dense bodies.
b. ____Cells are joined by intercalated discs.
c. ____The thick and thin filaments are arranged into sarcomeres.
d. ____The thick filaments contain myosin heads along their entire length.
e. ____The cells depolarize and contract as a unit.
f. ____ Ca2+ binding to troponin is the initiating event of contraction.
g. ____Ca2+ binding to calmodulin is the initiating event of contraction.
h. ____The sarcolemma has a distinct motor end plate.
Ms. Sanchez was in a motorcycle accident in which she lost the use of her right upper limb muscles due to significant nerve damage. However, when an electrode is inserted into her muscles, they are able to contract. Explain specifically why nerve damage caused her to lose the use of her muscles. Why can they still respond to stimulation from an electrode?
Match the following terms with the correct definition.
____Z-disc
____Sarcomere
____A band
____H zone
____I band
____M line
a. The dark band containing the entire length of the thick filament
b. The band of proteins in the middle of the H zone
c. The boundary between sarcomeres
d. The functional unit of contraction
e. The middle region of the A band containing only thick filaments
f. The light band containing only thin filaments
What is the basic mechanism of contraction at the level of myofilaments?
Jesse is a 2-year-old boy who presents with difficulty in walking and poor control of movements. When the doctor examines Jesse, she notices that when his muscles contract, they are very slow to relax and remain contracted well after the movement has been performed. She sends a sample of his tissue for genetic analysis, and the lab reports a genetic defect that causes the pumps in the SR to operate much more slowly than normal. How does a defect in DNA lead to a malfunctioning protein? How does this finding explain Jesse's symptoms? (Connects to Chapter 3)
Paola is a 3-year-old girl with a disease that reduces the ability of her mitochondria to generate ATP. Explain the specific effects of this disease on the ability of Paola's muscles to function properly. What other tissues and organs are likely to be especially affected by her disease, and why? (Connects to Chapter 3)