14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Neurotransmitters of the ANS

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Neurotransmitters of the ANS

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Neurotransmitters of the ANS

Neurotransmitters of the ANS Example 1

Neurotransmitter Receptors

Neurotransmitters of the ANS Example 2

Receptors at Target Organs

Neurotransmitters of the ANS Example 3

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Adrenergic (adrenaline/epinephrine) Receptors

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Adrenergic (adrenaline/epinephrine) Receptors

Cholinergic Receptors

Chapter 14.6 ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors BIO201

Adrenergic Receptors - CHEAT SHEET!

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Multiple Choice

___________ and ___________ are the major neurotransmitters released by autonomic nervous system neurons.

The neurotransmitter released at all synapses in the parasympathetic division is:

What are the two types of receptors found in the parasympathetic system?

Which of the following is released by all somatic motor neurons at their synapses and always has an excitatory effect on skeletal muscle?

Which of the following neurotransmitters would be the only secretion of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system?

Norepinephrine and epinephrine can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on target organs.

__________ and __________ are the major neurotransmitters released by autonomic nervous system neurons.

Neurotransmitters released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers going to the heart would cause __________.

Which of the following neurons secrete norepinephrine?

Which of the following substances is a hormone and a neurotransmitter?

Neuropeptides that act as natural opiates include a. substance P, b. somatostatin and cholecystokinin, c. tachykinins, d. enkephalins.

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Textbook Question

Receptors that bind acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membrane are (a) chemically gated channels, (b) voltage-gated channels, (c) passive channels, (d) mechanically gated channels.

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Textbook Question

Since at any moment a neuron is likely to have thousands of neurons releasing neurotransmitters at its surface, how is neuronal activity (to fire or not to fire) determined?

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Textbook Question

In the Netherlands a young man named Jan was admitted to the emergency room. He and his friends had been to a rave. His friends say he started twitching and having muscle spasms which progressed until he was 'stiff as a board.' On examination, staff found a marked increase in muscle tone and hyperreflexia involving facial and limb muscles. In his pocket, he had unmarked dark yellow tablets with dark flecks. Analysis of the tablets showed them to contain a mixture of ecstasy and strychnine. Ecstasy would not cause this clinical picture, but strychnine, which blocks glycine receptors, could. Explain how.

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Textbook Question

The drug neostigmine blocks the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. Predict the effects of this drug.

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Textbook Question

The poison curare (kyoo-RAH-ray) blocks the binding of acetylcholine to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What effects would you predict from such a poison? Can you think of any useful applications for it? Why might an overdose of it be lethal?

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Textbook Question

Match the following neurotransmitters with their correct description.

_____GABA

_____Dopamine

_____Substance P

_____Acetylcholine

_____Glutamate

_____Endorphins

_____Norepinephrine

a. Neuropeptide involved in transmission of pain

b. Neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction

c. Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

d. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

e. Neuropeptide involved in relief of pain

f. Catecholamine involved in the autonomic nervous system

g. Catecholamine involved in movement and behavior

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Textbook Question

Which neurotransmitter(s) is/are used by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

a. Epinephrine

b. Norepinephrine

c. Acetylcholine

d. Both a and b

e. All of the above

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Textbook Question

Many chemical warfare agents, such as the poisonous gas sarin, block the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. What effects will this poison have on muscle contraction? (Connects to Chapter 10) What effects will it have on the autonomic nervous system? What symptoms would you expect to see from this poison?

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Textbook Question

Mrs. Jones has had a progressive decline in her mental capabilities in the last five or six years. At first her family attributed her occasional memory lapses, confusion, and agitation to grief over her husband's death six years earlier. When examined, Mrs. Jones was aware of her cognitive problems and was shown to have an IQ score approximately 30 points less than would be predicted by her work history. A CT scan showed diffuse cerebral atrophy. The physician prescribed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and Mrs. Jones showed slight improvement. What is Mrs. Jones's problem? Why did the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor help?

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