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16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

16. The Endocrine System

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers

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G Protein-Coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers Example 1

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers Example 1

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers Example 2

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers Example 2

Secondary Messengers

Secondary Messengers

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers Example 3

Membrane Bound Receptors and Secondary Messengers Example 3

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Mechanism of Hormone Action: Direct Gene Activation

Mechanism of Hormone Action: Direct Gene Activation

Mechanism of Hormone Action: Second Messenger System

Mechanism of Hormone Action: Second Messenger System

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

What is the role of G proteins in GPCR signaling?

Multiple Choice

Hormones can bring about substantial physiological changes at very low concentrations. How does this relate to the concept of second messenger systems?

Multiple Choice

You are studying how a hormone affects a cell and find that when oxytocin binds the receptor, the intracellular $Ca$ $^2$ $^+$ concentration increases. Based on this information, what could you logically conclude about this cell and hormone?

Multiple Choice

cAMP, $IP_3$ , and DAG are all molecules that are used as secondary messengers. Which statement below correctly identifies a difference between the pathways in which they are found?

Multiple Choice

Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by __________.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a hormone that CANNOT exhibit its full effect without the presence of another hormone?

Multiple Choice

How do protein kinases affect enzymes?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones?

Multiple Choice

The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of __________.

Textbook Question

Some hormones act by a. increasing the synthesis of enzymes, b. converting an inactive enzyme into an active enzyme, c. affecting only specific target organs, d. all of these.

Textbook Question

Cyclic AMP functions as a second messenger to (a) build proteins and catalyze specific reactions, (b) activate adenylate cyclase, (c) open ion channels and activate key enzymes in the cytoplasm, (d) bind the hormone–receptor complex to DNA segments.

Textbook Question

How would blocking the activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) affect a cell that responds to hormonal stimulation by the cAMP second messenger system?

Textbook Question

A researcher observes that stimulation by a particular hormone induces a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the target plasma membrane. The hormone being studied is probably (a) a steroid, (b) a peptide, (c) testosterone, (d) estrogen, (e) aldosterone.

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