10. Muscles

Each of the following terms describes a muscle's action EXCEPT __________.

949

Each of the following terms is used to describe the shape of a muscle EXCEPT __________.

985

Names of muscles can indicate all of the following EXCEPT __________.

2227

Straight muscles, with fibers that run parallel to an imaginary line such as the long axis of the body, are called __________.

The deltoid is a muscle named according to __________.

950

Name the three pennate muscles in the following figure, and for each muscle indicate the type of pennate muscle based on the relationship of muscle fascicles to the tendon. a. ___ b. ___ c. ___ d. ___ e. ___ f. ___

264

The arrangement of muscle fibers in which the fibers are arranged at an angle to a central longitudinal tendon is a. circular, b. longitudinal, c. pennate, d. parallel.

272

Label the three visible muscles of the rotator cuff in the following posterior view of the deep muscles that move the arm. a. ___ b. ___ c. ___

164

Match the muscle names in column B to the facial muscles described in column A. Column A ______ (1) squints the eyes ______ (2) raises the eyebrows ______ (3) smiling muscle ______ (4) puckers the lips ______ (5) pulls the scalp posteriorly Column B a. corrugator supercilii b. depressor anguli oris c. frontal belly of epicranius d. occipital belly of epicranius e. orbicularis oculi f. orbicularis oris g. zygomaticus

279

The prime mover of inspiration is the a. diaphragm, b. internal intercostals, c. external intercostals, d. abdominal wall muscles.

254

The arm muscle that both flexes and supinates the forearm is the a. brachialis, b. brachioradialis, c. biceps brachii, d. triceps brachii.

366

Multiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which are ways in which muscle names have been derived? a. Attachments b. Size c. Function d. Location

232

The chewing muscles that protract the mandible and produce side-to-side grinding movements are the a. buccinators, b. masseters, c. temporalis, d. pterygoids.

348

Muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx include all but the a. sternohyoid, b. omohyoid, c. geniohyoid, d. sternothyroid.

287

The strongest masticatory muscle is the (a) pterygoid, (b) masseter, (c) temporalis, (d) mandible.

250

Intrinsic muscles of the back that promote extension of the spine (or head) include all but a. splenius muscles, b. semispinalis muscles, c. scalene muscles, d. erector spinae.

434

The muscle that rotates the eye medially is the (a) superior oblique, (b) inferior rectus, (c) medial rectus, (d) lateral rectus.

301

Several muscles act to move and/or stabilize the scapula. Which of the following are small rectangular muscles that square the shoulders as they act together to retract the scapula? a. levator scapulae, b. rhomboids, c. serratus anterior, d. trapezius.

299

Important flexors of the vertebral column that act in opposition to the erector spinae are the (a) rectus abdominis, (b) longus capitis, (c) longus colli, (d) scalene.

199

A prime mover of thigh flexion is the a. rectus femoris, b. iliopsoas, c. vastus muscles, d. gluteus maximus.

266

The major extensor of the elbow is the (a) triceps brachii, (b) biceps brachii, (c) deltoid, (d) subscapularis.

193

The prime mover of thigh extension against resistance is the a. gluteus maximus, b. gluteus medius, c. biceps femoris, d. semimembranosus.

231

The muscles that rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow are the (a) brachialis and brachioradialis, (b) pronator teres and supinator, (c) biceps brachii and triceps brachii, (d) a, b, and c.

268

Which criterion (or criteria) is/are used in naming the gluteus medius? a. relative size, b. muscle location, c. muscle shape, d. action, e. number of origins.

251

The powerful flexor of the hip is the (a) piriformis, (b) obturator, (c) pectineus, (d) iliopsoas.

190

Which of the following is a large, deep muscle that protracts the scapula during punching? a. serratus anterior, b. rhomboids, c. levator scapulae, d. subscapularis.

244

Knee extensors known as the quadriceps femoris consist of the (a) three vastus muscles and the rectus femoris, (b) biceps femoris, gracilis, and sartorius, (c) popliteus, iliopsoas, and gracilis, (d) gastrocnemius, tibialis, and peroneus.

299

Which muscles act to propel food down the length of the pharynx to the esophagus?

181

List the four patterns of fascicle arrangement used to classify the different types of skeletal muscles.

321

Name and describe the action of muscles used to shake your head no; to nod yes.

245

a. Name two forearm muscles that are powerful extensors and abductors of the hand. b. Name the sole forearm muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints.

254

Which four muscle groups make up the axial musculature?

251

Name four criteria used in naming muscles, and provide an example (other than those used in the text) that illustrates each criterion.

397

Differentiate between the arrangement of elements (load, fulcrum, and effort) in first-, second-, and third-class levers.

181

a. Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents. b. How does their arrangement (fiber direction) contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall? c. Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine? d. Which can act alone to flex the spine?

246

What three functional groups make up the muscles of the lower limbs?

203

Name two muscles in each of the following compartments or regions: f. third muscle layer of the foot, g. posterior compartment of leg, h. medial compartment of thigh, i. posterior compartment of thigh.

236

Name two muscles in each of the following compartments or regions: a. thenar eminence (ball of thumb), b. posterior compartment of forearm, c. anterior compartment of forearm—deep muscle group, d. anterior muscle group in the arm, e. muscles of mastication,

247

When Mrs. O'Brien returned to her doctor for a follow-up visit after childbirth, she complained that she was incontinent (having problems controlling her urine flow) when she sneezed. The physician asked his nurse to give Mrs. O'Brien instructions on how to perform exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor. To which muscles was he referring?

269

As Kendra's coach watched her sail over the high jump bar, he contracted his right orbicularis oculi muscle, raised his arm, and contracted his opponens pollicis. Was he pleased or displeased with her performance? How do you know?

174

The muscles of the vertebral column include many posterior extensors but few anterior flexors. Why?

162

Mary's newborn is having trouble suckling. The doctor suggests that it may be a problem with a particular muscle. What muscle is the doctor probably referring to? (a) orbicularis oris, (b) buccinator, (c) masseter, (d) risorius, (e) zygomaticus.

199

If 'adductor' is part of the name of a muscle, what does that tell you about the muscle?

a. It is a wide muscle.

b. It is a long muscle.

c. It raises a body part.

d. It pulls a body part toward the midline.

164

Match the term with its description:

_____Brevis

_____Digitorum

_____Hallucis

_____Rectus

_____Flexor

_____Pronatora.

a. Related to the fingers/toes

b. Straightc.

c. Short

d.Decreases the angle between bones

e. Turns palm down

f. Related to the hallux (great toe)

159

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The temporalis and occipitalis muscles are attached to each other by the epicranial aponeurosis.

161

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The orbicularis oris muscle is located around the eye.

173

The thick, bandlike muscle of mastication that covers much of the ramus of the mandible is the:

a. masseter muscle.

b. temporalis muscle.

c. lateral pterygoid muscle.

d. risorius muscle.

131

Which of the erector spinae muscles is most lateral to the vertebral column?

a. Spinalis muscle

b. Iliocostalis muscle

c. Semispinalis muscle

d. Longissimus muscle

170

Which of the following muscle groups is considered muscles of inspiration?

a. External intercostal muscles

b. Internal intercostal muscles

c. External oblique muscles

d. Internal oblique muscles

152

Which of the following is not a muscle of the rotator cuff?

a. Teres major muscle

b. Teres minor muscle

c. Subscapularis muscle

d. Infraspinatus muscle

e. Supraspinatus muscle

325