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Problem 2.1a
Which of the following structures have no electrical charge?
a. protons
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. ions
Problem 2.1a
The outermost electron shell of an atom is known as the _____________ shell.
Problem 2.10a
Which of the following are hydrophobic organic molecules?
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids
Problem 2.10a
A nucleic acid containing the base uracil would also contain __________ sugar.
Problem 2.1a
In the following molecule, label a portion that shows only primary structure; label two types of secondary structure; circle the tertiary structure.
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Problem 2.2a
The atomic mass of an atom most closely approximates the sum of the masses of all its __________.
a. protons
b. isotopes
c. electrons
d protons and neutrons
Problem 2.2a
The type of chemical bond between atoms with nearly equal electronegativities is called a(n) _____________ bond.
Problem 2.2a
List three main types of chemical bonds, and give an example of each.
Problem 2.2a
Name five properties of water that are vital to life.
Problem 2.2a
Shown is the amino acid tryptophan. Put the letter “C” at the site of every carbon atom. Label the amino group, the carboxyl group, and the side group.
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Problem 2.3a
The principal short-term energy storage molecule in cells is __________ .
Problem 2.3a
One isotope of iodine differs from another in __________ .
a. the number of protons
b. the number of electrons
c. the number of neutrons
d. atomic number
Problem 2.3a
Describe the difference(s) among saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Problem 2.4a
Common long-term energy storage molecules are __________ , __________ , __________ , and __________.
Problem 2.4a
Which of the following is not an organic compound?
a. monosaccharide
b. formaldehyde
c. water
d. steroid
Problem 2.4a
What is the difference between atomic oxygen and molecular oxygen?
Problem 2.5a
Which of the following terms most correctly describes the bonds in a molecule of water?
a. nonpolar covalent bond
b. polar covalent bond
c. ionic bond
d. hydrogen bond
Problem 2.5a
Groups of atoms such as NH₂ or OH that appear in certain common arrangements are called __________ .
Problem 2.5a
Explain how the polarity of water molecules makes water an excellent solvent.
Problem 2.6a
In water, cations and anions of salts dissociate from one another and become surrounded by water molecules. In this state, the ions are also called __________ .
a. electrically negative
b. ionically bonded
c. electrolytes
d. hydrogen bonds
Problem 2.6a
The reverse of dehydration synthesis is __________ .
Problem 2.7a
Which of the following can be most accurately described as a decomposition reaction?
a. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 H₂O + 6 CO₂
b. glucose + ATP → glucose phosphate + ADP
c. 6 H₂O + 6 CO₂ → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
d. A + BC → AB + C
Problem 2.8a
Which of the following statements about a carbonated cola beverage with a pH of 2.9 is true?
a. It has a relatively high concentration of hydrogen ions.
b. It has a relatively low concentration of hydrogen ions.
c. It has equal amounts of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions.
d. Cola is a buffered solution.
Problem 2.9a
The __________ scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Problem 2.9a
Proteins are polymers of __________.
a. amino acids
b. fatty acids
c. nucleic acids
d. monosaccharides
Problem 7.1a
Which of the following is most likely the number of base pairs in a bacterial chromosome?
a. 4,000,000
b. 4000
c. 400
d. 40
Problem 7.17a
A nucleotide is made of ____________ .
a. a five-carbon sugar
b. phosphate
c. a nitrogenous base
d. all of the above
Problem 7.18a
In DNA, adenine forms ___________ hydrogen bonds with ____________ .
a. three / uracil
b. two / uracil
c. two / thymine
d. three / thymine
Problem 7.6a
Compare and contrast the structure and components of DNA and RNA in prokaryotes.
Problem 12.1a
Haploid nuclei ___________.
a. contain one set of chromosomes
b. contain two sets of chromosomes
c. contain half a set of chromosomes
d. are found in the cytosol of eukaryotic organisms
