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Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics
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All textbooksKlug 12th EditionCh. 24 - Cancer GeneticsProblem 23

Chapter 23, Problem 23

Explain the apparent paradox that both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA are often found in the same cancer cell.

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Hello everyone and welcome to today's video. So blank occurs early in tumor growth, whereas blank develops in later stages. Let's begin by filling out this blank space that we have here. So what's going to happen at later stages of the tumor growth process? Well here we're going to see the silencing of certain key tumor repressive regimes. And this is going to allow the team to grow uncontrollably and this is going to be due to hyper a settle ation. So hyper a circulation is going to be happening or is going to be developing in the later stages of tumor growth and before the hypo A circulation is going to be the stage that conspire. And this is considered to be one of the early developments into more growth. Because of that the correct answer choice here is going to be answer choice B. I really hope this video helped you and I have to see you on the next one.
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Epigenetics is a relatively new area of genetics with a focus on phenomena that affect gene expression but do not affect DNA sequence. Epigenetic effects are quasi-stable and may be passed to progeny somatic or germ-line cells. What are known causes of epigenetic effects, and how do they relate to cancer?

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Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation) is one of the most effective current cancer treatments. It works by damaging DNA and other cellular components. In which ways could radiotherapy control or cure cancer, and why does radiotherapy often have significant side effects?

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Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?

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Textbook Question

As part of a cancer research project, you have discovered a gene that is mutated in many metastatic tumors. After determining the DNA sequence of this gene, you compare the sequence with those of other genes in the human genome sequence database. Your gene appears to code for an amino acid sequence that resembles sequences found in some serine proteases. Conjecture how your new gene might contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers.

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Textbook Question

Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are associated with many types of cancers. In addition, epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) of tumor-suppressor genes are also associated with tumorigenesis [Otani et al. (2013). Expert Rev Mol Diagn 13:445–455].

Knowing that tumors release free DNA into certain surrounding body fluids through necrosis and apoptosis Kloten et al. [(2013). Breast Cancer Res. 15(1):R4] outline an experimental protocol for using human blood as a biomarker for cancer and as a method for monitoring the progression of cancer in an individual.

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Textbook Question

Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are associated with many types of cancers. In addition, epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) of tumor-suppressor genes are also associated with tumorigenesis [Otani et al. (2013). Expert Rev Mol Diagn 13:445–455].

How might hypermethylation of the TP53 gene promoter influence tumorigenesis?

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