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Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
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All textbooksKlug 12th EditionCh. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and TranspositionProblem 14

Chapter 15, Problem 14

Contrast the various types of DNA repair mechanisms known to counteract the effects of UV radiation. What is the role of visible light in repairing UV-induced mutations?

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Welcome back. Here's our next problem. It says all of the following our agents responsible for exogenous DNA damage. Except so exogenous DNA damage is due to external factors. So this would be things like UV radiation, ionizing radiation and things like drugs or chemicals that are mutations. So chemicals from outside this is as opposed to endogenous D. N. A. Damage. And that would be due to factors inside the cell. You can think of those those prefixes endo and exo exo meaning external endo internal so factors inside the cell. So with that in mind let's look for answer choices, noting that we are looking for the answer that is not responsible for exogenous DNA damage. So not an external factor that damages DNA. So as we look through the answer choices Choice A. Is UV radiation while this is definitely external. So not our answer choice choice B. Is calculating agents. And these would be chemicals that cause damage to D. N. A. Causes cross linking in the double helix and therefore prevent DNA replication since they cross length across those strands of D. N. A. Um as a result they actually have a usefulness. They can be used to treat cancer since they stopped that uncontrolled growth and division and cancer cells but they are exogenous causes of DNA damage since it's caused by drugs or chemicals that would cause this reaction. So not an answer choice choice C. Is hydraulic sis and hydraulic sis is an endogenous source of DNA damage hydraulics. Sis causes breakage in the D. N. A. Backbone as it breaks the base away from the backbone of the DNA molecule, so that is due to chemical processes within the cell that might damage DNA and then finally, Choice D. Cross linking agents. We discussed that calculating agents cause cross linking to the D. N. A. Strands. So cross linking agents, calculating agents same thing. They're both sources of external DNA damage drugs or chemicals that cause this particular kind of damage. So all the following are the agents responsible for exogenous DNA damage except Choice C hydraulic sis. See you in the next video.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV radiation?

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Textbook Question
DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and artificial agents elicits a wide variety of cellular responses involving numerous signaling pathways. In addition to the activation of DNA repair mechanisms, there can be activation of pathways leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death) and cell-cycle arrest. Why would apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest often be part of a cellular response to DNA damage?
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Textbook Question

A glycine residue is in position 210 of the tryptophan synthetase enzyme of wild-type E. coli. If the codon specifying glycine is GGA, how many single-base substitutions will result in an amino acid substitution at position 210? What are they? How many will result if the wild-type codon is GGU?

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Textbook Question

Refer to Figure 13.7 to respond to the following:

A base-substitution mutation that altered the sequence shown in part (a) eliminated the synthesis of all but one polypeptide. The altered sequence is shown here:

 5'-AUGCAUACCUAUGUGACCCUUGGA-3'

Determine why.

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Textbook Question
The family of a sixth-grade boy in Palo Alto, California, was informed by school administrators that he would have to transfer out of his middle school because they believed his mutation of the CFTR gene, which does not produce any symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis, posed a risk to other students at the school who have cystic fibrosis. After missing 11 days of school, a settlement was reached to have the boy return to school. What ethical problems might you associate with this example?
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Textbook Question

A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene that cause human β-thalassemia occur within introns or in upstream noncoding sequences. Explain why mutations in these regions often lead to severe disease, although they may not directly alter the coding regions of the gene.

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