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Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics
Chapter 19, Problem 47

Fill in the blanks in the table. Both ΔH and ΔS refer to the system.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Enthalpy (ΔH)

Enthalpy (ΔH) is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the total heat content of a system. It reflects the energy required to create a system at constant pressure and is crucial for understanding heat transfer during chemical reactions. A positive ΔH indicates an endothermic process, while a negative ΔH signifies an exothermic reaction.
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Entropy (ΔS)

Entropy (ΔS) is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. It quantifies the number of ways a system can be arranged, with higher entropy indicating greater disorder. In thermodynamics, changes in entropy help predict the spontaneity of a process; a positive ΔS often favors spontaneity, while a negative ΔS may hinder it.
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Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) combines enthalpy and entropy to determine the spontaneity of a process at constant temperature and pressure. The relationship is given by the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous process, while a positive ΔG suggests non-spontaneity.
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