For each element, predict where the 'jump' occurs for successive ionization energies. (For example, does the jump occur between the first and second ionization energies, the second and third, or the third and fourth?) a. Be b. N c. O d. Li
Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Chapter 8, Problem 79b
Choose the element with the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity from each pair. b. B or S
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gas phase. A more negative electron affinity indicates a greater release of energy, meaning the atom has a stronger attraction for the added electron. This property is crucial for understanding how elements interact with electrons and form ions.
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Trends in Electron Affinity
Electron affinity varies across the periodic table, generally increasing (becoming more negative) from left to right and decreasing (becoming less negative) from top to bottom. This trend is influenced by atomic size and effective nuclear charge, which affect how tightly an atom can hold onto its electrons. Recognizing these trends helps predict the behavior of elements in chemical reactions.
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Comparison of Elements
When comparing elements like boron (B) and sulfur (S), it is essential to consider their positions in the periodic table. Sulfur, being further to the right and lower in the table than boron, typically has a more negative electron affinity due to its higher effective nuclear charge and smaller atomic radius, which allows it to attract additional electrons more effectively.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
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Textbook Question
Consider this set of ionization energies. IE1 = 578 kJ/mol IE2 = 1820 kJ/mol IE3 = 2750 kJ/mol IE4 = 11,600 kJ/mol To which third-period element do these ionization values belong?
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Textbook Question
Choose the element with the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity from each pair. a. Na or Rb
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Choose the element with the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity in each pair. a. Mg or S b. K or Cs c. Si or P d. Ga or Br
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Choose the more metallic element from each pair. c. Cl or O
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Choose the more metallic element from each pair. a. Sb or Pb b. K or Ge c. Ge or Sb d. As or Sn
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