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Ch.7 - Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
Chapter 7, Problem 63

Sketch the 1s and 2p orbitals. How do the 2s and 3p orbitals differ from the 1s and 2p orbitals?

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Atomic Orbitals

Atomic orbitals are regions in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons. They are defined by quantum numbers and come in various shapes, such as spherical (s orbitals) and dumbbell-shaped (p orbitals). The 1s orbital is the simplest, being spherical, while p orbitals have a more complex shape, indicating the directional nature of electron density.
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Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers describe the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons in them. The principal quantum number (n) indicates the energy level and size of the orbital, while the angular momentum quantum number (l) defines the shape. For example, 1s has n=1 and l=0, while 2p has n=2 and l=1, showing how orbitals differ in energy and shape.
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Energy Levels and Electron Configuration

Energy levels refer to the fixed energies that electrons can have in an atom, with lower levels being closer to the nucleus. As n increases, the energy and size of the orbitals increase. The 2s and 3p orbitals differ from the 1s and 2p orbitals in their energy levels and spatial distribution, affecting how electrons are arranged in an atom and influencing chemical properties.
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