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Ch.13 - Solutions
All textbooksTro 4th EditionCh.13 - SolutionsProblem 119
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Chapter 13, Problem 119

A solution of 49.0% H2SO4 by mass has a density of 1.39 g/cm³ at 293 K. A 25.0-cm³ sample of this solution is mixed with enough water to increase the volume of the solution to 99.8 cm³. Find the molarity of sulfuric acid in this solution.

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1
Calculate the mass of the 25.0 cm³ sample using the density: \( \text{mass} = \text{density} \times \text{volume} \).
Determine the mass of \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) in the sample using the percentage by mass: \( \text{mass of } \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 = \text{total mass} \times 0.49 \).
Convert the mass of \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) to moles using its molar mass: \( \text{moles of } \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 = \frac{\text{mass of } \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}{\text{molar mass of } \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \).
Calculate the molarity of the \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) solution by dividing the moles of \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \) by the final volume of the solution in liters: \( \text{Molarity} = \frac{\text{moles of } \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4}{\text{volume in liters}} \).
Convert the final volume from cm³ to liters by dividing by 1000.
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The density of a 0.438 M solution of potassium chromate (K2CrO4) at 298 K is 1.063 g/mL. Calculate the vapor pressure of water above the solution. The vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature is 0.0313 atm. (Assume complete dissociation of the solute.)

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Use the result of the previous problem to calculate the mole fraction of chloroform in the vapor above a solution obtained by three successive separations and condensations of the vapors above the original solution of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. Show how this result explains the use of distillation as a separation method.
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A solution contains 10.05 g of unknown compound dissolved in 50.0 mL of water. (Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL for water.) The freezing point of the solution is -3.16 °C. The mass percent composition of the compound is 60.97% C, 11.94% H, and the rest is O. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

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