Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (b) Calcium and oxygen

Key Concepts

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, creating a stable compound. The formula of an ionic compound reflects the ratio of the ions involved, ensuring that the overall charge is neutral.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are crucial in determining how an element will react chemically. In the case of calcium and oxygen, calcium has two valence electrons that it can lose to form a cation (Ca²⁺), while oxygen has six valence electrons and tends to gain two electrons to form an anion (O²⁻).

Naming Ionic Compounds

The naming of ionic compounds follows specific conventions. The cation is named first, followed by the anion. For example, in the compound formed from calcium and oxygen, the cation is calcium (Ca²⁺) and the anion is oxide (O²⁻), resulting in the compound name calcium oxide. The formula is derived from the charges of the ions, leading to CaO.