Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (a) Magnesium and chlorine

Key Concepts

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, creating a stable compound. The formula of an ionic compound reflects the ratio of the ions involved, ensuring that the overall charge is neutral.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are crucial in determining how an element will react chemically. In the case of magnesium and chlorine, magnesium has two valence electrons that it can lose to form a cation (Mg²⁺), while chlorine has seven valence electrons and can gain one to form an anion (Cl⁻). This electron transfer is fundamental to the formation of ionic bonds.

Naming Ionic Compounds

The naming of ionic compounds follows specific conventions. The cation is named first, followed by the anion. For example, in the compound formed from magnesium and chlorine, magnesium retains its name, while chlorine is named as chloride. The resulting compound is called magnesium chloride, and its formula is MgCl₂, reflecting the 1:2 ratio of magnesium to chloride ions.