Identify the group 5A element that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(a) Forms strong π bonds

Key Concepts

Group 5A Elements

Group 5A elements, also known as Group 15 in the periodic table, include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi). These elements have five valence electrons, which allows them to form various types of bonds, including covalent bonds with other nonmetals. Understanding their bonding behavior is crucial for identifying which element fits specific descriptions.

π Bonds

π bonds are a type of covalent bond that occurs when two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, forming a bond above and below the axis connecting the two nuclei. They are typically found in double and triple bonds, where they accompany σ bonds. The ability of an element to form strong π bonds is often associated with its electronegativity and the availability of p orbitals.

Electronegativity and Bonding

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a bond. In the context of Group 5A elements, nitrogen is the most electronegative, which contributes to its ability to form strong π bonds, particularly in compounds like nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). Understanding electronegativity helps in predicting the strength and type of bonds that elements can form.