Skip to main content
Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
Chapter 21, Problem 21.39

Predict the number of unpaired electrons for each of the following. 
(a) Sc3+
(b) Co2+

Verified Solution

Video duration:
0m:0s
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It follows the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill lower-energy orbitals first. Understanding the electron configuration of an element is crucial for predicting its chemical behavior, including the number of unpaired electrons.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:33
Electron Configuration Example

Unpaired Electrons

Unpaired electrons are those that occupy an orbital alone, without a partner of opposite spin. The presence of unpaired electrons in an atom influences its magnetic properties and reactivity. Atoms with unpaired electrons are often paramagnetic, while those with all electrons paired are diamagnetic.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:56
Electron Geometry

Transition Metals and Oxidation States

Transition metals can exhibit multiple oxidation states due to their ability to lose different numbers of d electrons. The oxidation state affects the electron configuration and, consequently, the number of unpaired electrons. For example, Scandium (Sc) in the +3 oxidation state loses three electrons, while Cobalt (Co) in the +2 state loses two, altering their electron configurations.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:12
Transition Metals