Give molecular formulas corresponding to each of the following ball-and-stick molecular representations (red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H). In writing the formula, list the elements in alphabetical order. (b) Ethylene glycol (automobile antifreeze)

Key Concepts

Molecular Formula

A molecular formula represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule. It is expressed by listing the chemical symbols of the elements present, followed by subscripts indicating the number of each type of atom. For example, the molecular formula for water is H2O, indicating two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Ball-and-Stick Model

A ball-and-stick model is a three-dimensional representation of a molecule, where balls represent atoms and sticks represent the bonds between them. This model helps visualize the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule, making it easier to understand molecular geometry and bonding. In the context of ethylene glycol, the model would show the arrangement of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.

Ethylene Glycol Structure

Ethylene glycol is a simple diol with the chemical formula C2H6O2. It consists of two carbon atoms, two hydroxyl (–OH) groups, and four hydrogen atoms. Understanding its structure is essential for deriving its molecular formula, as it highlights the connectivity and arrangement of atoms that contribute to its properties and uses, such as in antifreeze.