Which base in each of the following pairs has the stronger conjugate acid? See Table 16.1 to compare the relative strengths of conjugate acid-base pairs. (a) Cl- or CO32-

Key Concepts

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that differ by the presence of a proton (H+). When a base accepts a proton, it forms its conjugate acid, while the acid that donates the proton forms its conjugate base. Understanding these pairs is essential for comparing the strengths of acids and bases, as the strength of a base is inversely related to the strength of its conjugate acid.

Acid-Base Strength

The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to donate or accept protons, respectively. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, while weak acids only partially dissociate. Similarly, strong bases fully accept protons, whereas weak bases do not. This concept is crucial for evaluating which base has the stronger conjugate acid by comparing their dissociation tendencies.

Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acids

The relative strength of conjugate acids can be assessed using tables that list the pKa values of acids. A lower pKa value indicates a stronger acid, which corresponds to a weaker conjugate base. By consulting such tables, one can determine which base in a pair has the stronger conjugate acid, as the base that forms the weaker conjugate base will have the stronger conjugate acid.