Textbook Question
Calculate the binding energy (in MeV/nucleon) for the following nuclei. (a)58Ni (atomic mass = 57.93535)
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Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 20, Problem 86
Thorium-232 decays by a 10-step series of nuclear reactions, ultimately yielding lead-208, along with 6 α particles and 4 β particles. How much energy (in kJ/mol) is released during the overall process? The relevant masses are 232Th = 232.038 054, 208Pb = 207.976 627, electron = 0.000 548 6, and 4He = 4.002 603.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the nuclear reaction process. Thorium-232 decays to lead-208 through a series of nuclear reactions, emitting 6 alpha particles and 4 beta particles.
Step 2: Calculate the total mass of the reactants. The initial mass is the mass of Thorium-232, which is 232.038 054 u.
Step 3: Calculate the total mass of the products. This includes the mass of lead-208, 6 alpha particles, and 4 beta particles. Use the given masses: 208Pb = 207.976 627 u, 4He = 4.002 603 u, and electron = 0.000 548 6 u.
Step 4: Determine the mass defect. Subtract the total mass of the products from the total mass of the reactants to find the mass defect, which represents the mass converted to energy.
Step 5: Use Einstein's equation, E=mc^2, to calculate the energy released. Convert the mass defect from atomic mass units to kilograms, and then calculate the energy in joules. Finally, convert the energy to kJ/mol by considering Avogadro's number.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Calculate the binding energy (in MeV/nucleon) for the following nuclei. (b) 84Kr (atomic mass = 83.91151)
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Textbook Question
What is the energy change ∆E (in kJ/mol) when an a particle is emitted from 174Ir? The atomic mass of 174Ir is 173.96666 the atomic mass of 170Re is 169.95804, and the atomic mass of a 4He atom is 4.00260.
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Textbook Question
The radioactive isotope 100Tc decays to form the stable iso-tope 100Mo. (a) There are two possible pathways for this decay. Write balanced equations for both.
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Textbook Question
The radioactive isotope 100Tc decays to form the stable iso-tope 100Mo. (b) Only one of the pathways is observed. Calculate the energy released by both pathways, and explain why only one is observed. Relevant masses are: 100Tc = 99.907 657, 100Mo = 99.907 48, electron = 0.000 548 6.
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Open Question
Identify the false statement about nuclear fission. (a) Nuclear fission is induced by bombarding a U-235 sample with beta particles. (b) Nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy element into lighter elements. (c) Mass is converted to energy in nuclear fission. (d) Nuclear fission releases huge amounts of energy compared to chemical reactions. (e) Nuclear fission can cause a chain reaction because additional neutrons are produced with each fission of a nucleus.