(c) With what neutral homonuclear diatomic molecules are the NO+ and NO- ions isoelectronic (same number of electrons)? With what neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule is the NO- ion isoelectronic (same number of electrons)?

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Determine the number of electrons in a neutral NO molecule. Nitrogen (N) has 7 electrons and Oxygen (O) has 8 electrons, so NO has a total of 15 electrons.

For the NO+ ion, subtract one electron from the total number of electrons in the neutral NO molecule, as the plus sign indicates a loss of one electron.

For the NO- ion, add one electron to the total number of electrons in the neutral NO molecule, as the minus sign indicates a gain of one electron.

Identify neutral homonuclear diatomic molecules that have the same number of electrons as calculated for NO+ and NO-. Homonuclear means the molecule is composed of two atoms of the same element.

Compare the electron counts to those of common homonuclear diatomic molecules like H2, N2, O2, F2, etc., to find the ones that are isoelectronic with NO+ and NO-.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isoelectronic Species

Isoelectronic species are atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same number of electrons. This concept is crucial for comparing the electronic configurations of different species, as it helps identify similarities in their chemical behavior and properties. For example, the NO+ ion has one less electron than the neutral NO molecule, while the NO- ion has one more, allowing us to find neutral molecules that match their electron counts.

Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

Homonuclear diatomic molecules consist of two identical atoms bonded together, such as O2 or N2. These molecules are significant in understanding molecular bonding and electronic structure, as they provide a basis for comparing the electron configurations of ions like NO+ and NO-. Identifying homonuclear diatomic molecules that are isoelectronic with these ions requires knowledge of their electron counts.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom or ion's orbitals. It is essential for determining the number of electrons in a species and understanding its chemical properties. For the NO+ and NO- ions, knowing their electron configurations allows us to identify which neutral homonuclear diatomic molecules have the same number of electrons, facilitating the comparison needed to answer the question.

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Textbook Question

Azo dyes are organic dyes that are used for many applications, such as the coloring of fabrics. Many azo dyes are derivatives of the organic substance azobenzene, C12H10N2. A closely related substance is hydrazobenzene, C12H12N2. The Lewis structures of these two substances are

(Recall the shorthand notation used for benzene.) (b) How many unhybridized atomic orbitals are there on the N and the C atoms in each of the substances? How many unhybridized atomic orbitals are there on the N and the C atoms in hydrazobenzene?

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Textbook Question

The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. i.