When benzene 1C6H62 reacts with bromine 1Br22, bromobenzene 1C6H5Br2 is obtained: C6H6 + Br2¡C6H5Br + HBr (a) When 30.0 g of benzene reacts with 65.0 g of bromine, what is the theoretical yield of bromobenzene?

Verified step by step guidance

1. <Step 1: Determine the molar masses of the reactants and product.> Calculate the molar mass of benzene (C_6H_6) and bromine (Br_2) using the periodic table. Also, find the molar mass of bromobenzene (C_6H_5Br).
2. <Step 2: Convert the masses of the reactants to moles.> Use the molar masses from Step 1 to convert 30.0 g of benzene and 65.0 g of bromine to moles using the formula: \( \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass (g)}}{\text{molar mass (g/mol)}} \).
3. <Step 3: Identify the limiting reactant.> Use the balanced chemical equation \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_6 + \text{Br}_2 \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Br} + \text{HBr} \) to determine the stoichiometric ratio and identify which reactant is the limiting reactant by comparing the mole ratio of benzene to bromine.
4. <Step 4: Calculate the theoretical yield of bromobenzene.> Use the moles of the limiting reactant and the stoichiometry of the reaction to calculate the moles of bromobenzene produced. Then, convert the moles of bromobenzene to grams using its molar mass.
5. <Step 5: Conclude with the theoretical yield.> The calculated mass of bromobenzene from Step 4 is the theoretical yield of the reaction.>

Key Concepts

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It allows us to determine the proportions of substances involved in a reaction, which is essential for predicting the amounts of products formed from given quantities of reactants.

Molar Mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is crucial for converting between the mass of a substance and the number of moles, which is necessary for stoichiometric calculations in chemical reactions.

Limiting Reactant

The limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction, thus determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reactant is essential for calculating the theoretical yield of a product, as it dictates how much of the product can be produced based on the available reactants.