A common form of elemental phosphorus is the tetrahedral P₄ molecule, where all four phosphorus atoms are equivalent: 
Draw a Lewis structure for a linear P₄ molecule that satisfies the octet rule. Does this molecule have resonance structures?

Verified step by step guidance

1. <b>Step 1:</b> Understand the structure of P₄ in its common form. The common form of P₄ is a tetrahedral structure where each phosphorus atom is bonded to three others, forming a closed ring.
2. <b>Step 2:</b> Consider the linear P₄ structure. In a linear arrangement, the phosphorus atoms are aligned in a straight line. Each phosphorus atom can form three bonds to satisfy the octet rule.
3. <b>Step 3:</b> Draw the Lewis structure for linear P₄. Start by placing four phosphorus atoms in a line. Connect the first and second, second and third, and third and fourth phosphorus atoms with single bonds.
4. <b>Step 4:</b> Add lone pairs to each phosphorus atom. Each phosphorus atom should have one lone pair to satisfy the octet rule, as each atom will have three bonds and one lone pair.
5. <b>Step 5:</b> Consider resonance structures. Evaluate if there are any possible resonance structures by checking if the electrons can be rearranged without changing the connectivity of the atoms. In this case, the linear P₄ does not have resonance structures as the electron arrangement is fixed to satisfy the octet rule.

Key Concepts

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of electrons and the connectivity of atoms, which is crucial for understanding molecular geometry and reactivity. In the case of P4, drawing the Lewis structure involves placing electrons around the phosphorus atoms to satisfy the octet rule.

Octet Rule

The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that states atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. For phosphorus, which can expand its octet due to its position in the periodic table, this rule guides the arrangement of electrons in the Lewis structure, particularly when considering alternative bonding scenarios.

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule that illustrate the delocalization of electrons. They are used when a single Lewis structure cannot adequately represent a molecule's electron distribution. In the case of a linear P4 molecule, exploring resonance structures can reveal how electrons are shared among the phosphorus atoms, potentially leading to multiple valid representations of the molecule.