Aqueous solutions of ammonia 1NH32 and bleach (active ingredient NaOCl) are sold as cleaning fluids, but bottles of both of them warn: 'Never mix ammonia and bleach, as toxic gases may be produced.' One of the toxic gases that can be produced is chloroamine, NH2Cl. (e) Is N oxidized, reduced, or neither, upon the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen trichloride?

Key Concepts

Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation and reduction are chemical processes that involve the transfer of electrons between substances. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, resulting in an increase in oxidation state, while reduction involves the gain of electrons, leading to a decrease in oxidation state. Understanding these concepts is crucial for determining the changes in oxidation states of elements during chemical reactions.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states (or oxidation numbers) are assigned to atoms in a compound to indicate their degree of oxidation or reduction. The oxidation state of an element in a compound can help track electron transfer during reactions. For example, in the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen trichloride, analyzing the oxidation states of nitrogen can reveal whether it is oxidized or reduced.

Chloroamines Formation

Chloroamines are a class of compounds formed when ammonia reacts with chlorine-containing agents, such as bleach. The formation of chloroamines involves the substitution of hydrogen atoms in ammonia with chlorine atoms, which can lead to the release of toxic gases. Understanding the chemistry of chloroamines is essential for assessing the safety and risks associated with mixing ammonia and bleach.