- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement151
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions207
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry192
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry123
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms135
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements110
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding122
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories153
- Ch.10 - Gases139
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces77
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials94
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics124
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium73
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria112
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria109
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment58
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics115
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry102
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry67
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals6
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry19
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Chapter 17, Problem 100a
Tooth enamel is composed of hydroxyapatite, whose simplest formula is Ca51PO423OH, and whose corresponding Ksp = 6.8 * 10-27. As discussed in the Chemistry and Life box on page 746, fluoride in fluorinated water or in toothpaste reacts with hydroxyapatite to form fluoroapatite, Ca51PO423F, whose Ksp = 1.0 * 10-60. (a) Write the expression for the solubility-constant for hydroxyapatite and for fluoroapatite.
Video transcript
Lead(II) carbonate, PbCO3, is one of the components of the passivating layer that forms inside lead pipes. (d) The EPA threshold for acceptable levels of lead ions in water is 15 ppb. Does a saturated solution of lead(II) carbonate produce a solution that exceeds the EPA limit?
For each pair of compounds, use Ksp values to determine which has the greater molar solubility: (b) PbCO3 or BaCrO4.
The solubility of CaCO3 is pH dependent. (b) Use the Kb expression for the CO32 - ion to determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction CaCO31s2 + H2O1l2 ΔCa2 + 1aq2 + HCO3-1aq2 + OH-1aq2
Calculate the solubility of Mg1OH22 in 0.50 M NH4Cl.
The solubility-product constant for barium permanganate, Ba1MnO422, is 2.5 * 10-10. Assume that solid Ba1MnO422 is in equilibrium with a solution of KMnO4. What concentration of KMnO4 is required to establish a concentration of 2.0 * 10-8 M for the Ba2 + ion in solution?