From the following data for the first-order gas-phase isomerization of CH3NC at 215 C, calculate the firstorder rate constant and half-life for the reaction: Time (s) Pressure CH3nC (torr) 0 502 2000 335 5000 180 8000 95.5 12,000 41.7 15,000 22.4
Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14, Problem 50a
Sucrose 1C12H22O112, commonly known as table sugar, reacts in dilute acid solutions to form two simpler sugars, glucose and fructose, both of which have the formula C6H12O6. At 23 C and in 0.5 M HCl, the following data were obtained for the disappearance of sucrose: Time (min) 3C12H22o11 4 1M2 0 0.316 39 0.274 80 0.238 140 0.190 210 0.146 (a) Is the reaction first order or second order with respect to 3C12H22O114?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Reaction Order
Reaction order refers to the power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate law of a chemical reaction. It indicates how the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of reactants. A first-order reaction has a linear relationship between the concentration of one reactant and the rate, while a second-order reaction involves a squared concentration term, indicating a more complex relationship.
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Rate Law
The rate law is an equation that relates the rate of a chemical reaction to the concentration of its reactants. It is typically expressed in the form Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, and m and n are the orders of the reaction with respect to reactants A and B. Determining the rate law is essential for understanding how changes in concentration affect the speed of the reaction.
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Integrated Rate Laws
Integrated rate laws provide a mathematical relationship between the concentration of reactants and time, allowing for the determination of reaction order through experimental data. For first-order reactions, the integrated form is ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]0, while for second-order reactions, it is 1/[A] = kt + 1/[A]0. Analyzing concentration versus time data using these equations helps identify the order of the reaction.
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Consider the data presented in Exercise 14.19. (c) What is the half-life for the reaction?
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The gas-phase decomposition of NO2, 2 NO21g2¡ 2 NO1g2 + O21g2, is studied at 383 C, giving the following data: Time (s) 3no2 4 (M) 0.0 0.100 5.0 0.017 10.0 0.0090 15.0 0.0062 20.0 0.0047 (c) Predict the reaction rates at the beginning of the reaction for initial concentrations of 0.200 M, 0.100 M, and 0.050 M NO2.
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(a) What factors determine whether a collision between two molecules will lead to a chemical reaction?
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(b) Does the rate constant for a reaction generally increase or decrease with an increase in reaction temperature?
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Calculate the fraction of atoms in a sample of argon gas at 400 K that has an energy of 10.0 kJ or greater.
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