Textbook Question
By referring to Figure 13.15, determine the mass of each of the following salts required to form a saturated solution in 250 g of water at 30 °C: (c) Ce2(SO4)3.
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Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Chapter 13, Problem 29
Common laboratory solvents include acetone (CH3COCH3), methanol (CH3OH), toluene (C6H5CH3), and water. Which of these is the best solvent for nonpolar solutes?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of polarity. Polarity in chemistry refers to the distribution of electric charge around atoms, chemical groups, or molecules. Polar molecules have a significant difference in electronegativity between their atoms, leading to a dipole moment.
Step 2: Recall the principle 'like dissolves like'. This principle suggests that polar solvents are good at dissolving polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents are good at dissolving nonpolar solutes.
Step 3: Identify the polarity of each solvent. Acetone (CH3COCH3) is polar due to its carbonyl group. Methanol (CH3OH) is polar because of its hydroxyl group. Toluene (C6H5CH3) is nonpolar due to its hydrocarbon structure. Water is highly polar due to its bent shape and hydrogen bonding.
Step 4: Determine which solvent is nonpolar. Based on the structures, toluene (C6H5CH3) is the nonpolar solvent among the options provided.
Step 5: Conclude that toluene is the best solvent for nonpolar solutes, as it shares similar nonpolar characteristics, allowing it to effectively dissolve nonpolar substances.
Related Practice
Open Question
Consider water and glycerol, CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH. (b) List the intermolecular attractions that occur between a water molecule and a glycerol molecule.
Textbook Question
Oil and water are immiscible. Which is the most likely reason? (a) Oil molecules are denser than water. (b) Oil molecules are composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen. (c) Oil molecules have higher molar masses than water. (d) Oil molecules have higher vapor pressures than water. (e) Oil molecules have higher boiling points than water.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in hexane, C6H14: b. benzene (C6H6) or glycerol, CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH,
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Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (a) cyclohexane (C6H12) or glucose (C6H12O6),
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Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (c) HCl or ethyl chloride (CH3CH2Cl)? Explain in each case.
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