Chapter 12, Problem 127c
Employing the bond enthalpy values listed in Table 8.4, estimate the molar enthalpy change occurring upon (c) formation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Video transcript
The karat scale used to describe gold alloys is based on mass percentages. (b) If an alloy is formed that is 50 mol% copper and 50 mol% gold, what is the karat number of the alloy? What is the color of this alloy?
(a) What are the C¬C¬C bond angles in diamond?
(c) What atomic orbitals are involved in the stacking of graphite sheets with each other?
Although polyethylene can twist and turn in random ways, the most stable form is a linear one with the carbon backbone oriented as shown in the following figure:
The solid wedges in the figure indicate bonds from carbon that come out of the plane of the page; the dashed wedges indicate bonds that lie behind the plane of the page. (a) What is the hybridization of orbitals at each carbon atom? What angles do you expect between the bonds?
(a) In polyvinyl chloride shown in Table 12.6, which bonds have the lowest average bond enthalpy?
(b) When subjected to high pressure and heated, polyvinyl chloride converts to diamond. During this transformation which bonds are most likely to break first?