(d) In March 1989, the Exxon Valdez ran aground and spilled 240,000 barrels of crude petroleum off the coast of Alaska. One barrel of petroleum is equal to 42 gal. How many liters of petroleum were spilled?
Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement
Chapter 1, Problem 64
A copper refinery produces a copper ingot weighing 70 kg. If the copper is drawn into wire whose diameter is 7.50 mm, how many meters of copper can be obtained from the ingot? The density of copper is 8.94 g/cm3. (Assume that the wire is a cylinder whose volume V = πr2h, where r is its radius and h is its height or length.)
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Density
Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is a crucial property of materials. In this problem, the density of copper (8.94 g/cm³) allows us to convert the mass of the copper ingot (70 kg) into volume. Understanding how to manipulate the density formula (Density = Mass/Volume) is essential for determining how much space the copper occupies.
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Volume of a Cylinder
The volume of a cylinder can be calculated using the formula V = πr²h, where r is the radius and h is the height (or length) of the cylinder. In this scenario, the copper wire is modeled as a cylinder, and knowing this formula is necessary to relate the volume of the copper ingot to the length of wire that can be produced.
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Unit Conversion
Unit conversion is the process of converting a quantity from one unit to another, which is often necessary in chemistry problems. In this case, converting the mass of copper from kilograms to grams (1 kg = 1000 g) is essential for using the density value correctly. Mastery of unit conversions ensures accurate calculations and results.
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