Hi everyone here we have a question asking which of the following is the correct name for the al cane. So first we want to number our longest carbon chain. So we have 567 and seven's prefixes Hepcat and it's an al cane. So so far we have the base name hep Tane. And now we need to name our groups. So if we look at carbon three, we have two methods which is one carbon each. So carbon three, Carbon three and then on four we also have a missile. And if we look at carbon for again, we see that we have an ethyl which consists of two carbons. So now if we put this all together, we want to put our groups in alphabetical order. So ethel will become will come before me ethel. So we'll have four ethel 3, 3, 4 and there's three of them. So that's going to be try try methanol and then our base name Hep Tain. So now we can look at our answers. 12 to 3 tetra methyl three proposal contain that is incorrect. B four ethyl 334 try metal Hep Tain. That is correct. So our answer is beat. Thank you for watching. Bye.

Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry

Tro 4th Edition

Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry

Problem 42c

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Chapter 21, Problem 42c

Name each alkane. c.

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Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the alkane structure. This chain determines the base name of the alkane.

Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest a substituent (branch).

Identify and name the substituents (alkyl groups) attached to the main chain. Use the appropriate prefix (e.g., methyl, ethyl) based on the number of carbon atoms in the substituent.

Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the main chain. Use the lowest possible numbers.

Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the alkane, listing substituents in alphabetical order and using prefixes (di-, tri-, etc.) if there are multiple identical substituents.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Alkanes are saturated compounds, meaning they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom, and they are typically non-polar and less reactive than other hydrocarbon types.

Nomenclature of Alkanes

The nomenclature of alkanes follows specific rules set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The names are derived from the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain, with prefixes such as 'meth-' for one carbon, 'eth-' for two, and so on. The suffix '-ane' indicates that the compound is an alkane, helping to distinguish it from other types of hydrocarbons.

Isomerism in Alkanes

Isomerism refers to the existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. In alkanes, this can lead to structural isomers, where the carbon skeleton varies, and positional isomers, where the location of branches or functional groups changes. Understanding isomerism is crucial for naming and identifying different alkanes, as it affects their physical and chemical properties.