What is a biodiversity “hotspot”?


a. an area where an all-taxon survey is under way
b. a habitat with high NPP
c. an area with high species richness and high threat to those species

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'biodiversity hotspot'. A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction.
2. Identify the key characteristics of a biodiversity hotspot. These areas typically have high levels of species richness, especially species that are endemic to the area, meaning they are not found anywhere else in the world.
3. Recognize the threats to biodiversity hotspots. These areas are often under threat from human activities such as deforestation, pollution, or climate change, which can lead to significant loss of biodiversity.
4. Relate the options given in the question to the definition of a biodiversity hotspot. Option 'a' refers to a survey method, and option 'b' refers to an ecological concept (Net Primary Productivity, NPP) that does not directly indicate a biodiversity hotspot.
5. Conclude that option 'c', an area with high species richness and high threat to those species, aligns with the definition of a biodiversity hotspot.

Key Concepts

Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, region, or on the entire planet. It encompasses the diversity of species, genetic variations, and the ecosystems they inhabit. High biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem resilience, providing essential services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.

Biodiversity Hotspot

A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both rich in endemic species and significantly threatened by human activities. To qualify as a hotspot, a region must contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics and have lost at least 70% of its original habitat. These areas are critical for conservation efforts due to their unique species and the urgent need to protect them.

Species Richness and Threat

Species richness refers to the number of different species present in a particular area, while threat levels indicate the degree of danger these species face from factors like habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution. Areas with high species richness that also experience significant threats are prioritized for conservation, as they represent both a unique biological heritage and a critical need for protection.