Chapter 41, Problem 4
Describe the disadvantages of an open circulatory system relative to a closed circulatory system.
Video transcript
Which of the following statements regarding the insect tracheal system is/are correct? Select True or False for each statement. T/F Tracheae dilate and constrict during flight or other types of movement, functioning as a 'breathing' mechanism. T/F Spiracles open into the body cavity, allowing direct contact between the air and hemolymph. T/F Tracheae carry oxygen to alveoli; here the oxygen diffuses into the hemolymph to be delivered to tissues. T/F Spiracles can close to minimize water loss.
Identify at least two advantages of breathing air instead of water.
Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin? a. a decrease in temperature b. an increase in O2 level c. a decrease in pH d. a decrease in carbonic anhydrase activity
Explain how each parameter in Fick's law of diffusion is reflected in the structure of the mammalian lung.
Frog lungs have a smaller surface area for gas exchange than mammalian lungs. How do frogs compensate for this difference? a. Frog tissue absorbs more oxygen from the blood than mammalian tissue does. b. Frogs breathe more quickly than mammals. c. Frogs also obtain oxygen via diffusion across the skin. d. Frog lung tissue has a greater density of capillary beds than mammalian lung tissue.
Carp are fishes that thrive in stagnant-water habitats with low oxygen partial pressure. Compared with the hemoglobin of many other fish species, carp hemoglobin has an extremely high affinity for O2. Draw an oxygen–hemoglobin equilibrium curve showing separate lines for carp and a fish that lives in water with a higher oxygen partial pressure. Explain why they differ.