A hormone that reduces the blood glucose level is           , and a hormone that increases the blood glucose level is           .

Key Concepts

Insulin

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in muscle and fat tissues, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. Insulin also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver, making it essential for maintaining energy balance in the body.

Glucagon

Glucagon is another hormone produced by the pancreas, specifically by the alpha cells. It has the opposite effect of insulin, as it raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. This hormone is vital for preventing hypoglycemia and ensuring a steady supply of energy during fasting or between meals.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. In the context of blood glucose regulation, homeostasis involves a delicate balance between insulin and glucagon. This regulatory mechanism ensures that blood glucose levels remain within a narrow range, which is critical for normal cellular function and overall health.