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Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals
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All textbooksFreeman 8th EditionCh. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in AnimalsProblem 12

Chapter 39, Problem 12

Fish and other aquatic organisms are exposed to many types of water pollutants, including metals such as aluminum. Although a low level of aluminum is found in unpolluted water, many lakes and streams have an increased level because of mining, sewage treatment, and accidental spills of toxic materials. Aluminum pollution can result in mass fish die-offs. In a laboratory, scientists exposed freshwater bony fish (Prochilodus lineatus) to water with a high level of aluminum and compared their blood osmolarity to that of fish exposed to water with a normal aluminum level (control). The results of the experiment are shown here (asterisks indicate P<0.05 between control and treated groups at a given time; BioSkills 3). Do the data support the hypothesis that aluminum interferes with osmoregulation in freshwater fishes? Explain.

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Hey everyone. Let's take a look at this question together. What happened to a plant cell when placed in a diluted solution of N. A. C. L. So let's talk about what we know about plant cells as well as what we know about diluted solutions. So we know from previous content that a diluted solution has a low water potential. And we also know that because of this water flows into the cell because the cell has a higher concentration and so it flows into the cell through something called end osmosis. And so because of this the plant cell wall tends to swell with water. And we also know that plant cells have a strong cell wall. And so because of this and because of the swelling of water the cell wall gets very bloated and so something called hydro static pressure occurs. Now another term for this pressure that happens is called ter ger pressure. And this term comes from the fact that the cell wall of the plant because it's full of water and very bloated becomes turgid. So turker pressure, also called turgid Itty has to do with that bloated and swelled cell wall. So when the plant cell is placed in that diluted solution, the cell becomes turgid or answer choice B because of the low water potential of that diluted solution leads to the cell being full of water. And so the cell becomes ter geant. I hope you found this video helpful. Thank you and goodbye
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Textbook Question

Biologists have been able to produce mice that lack functioning genes for aquaporins. How would the urine of these mice compare to that of mice with normal aquaporins? a. lower volume and lower osmolarity b. lower volume and higher osmolarity c. higher volume and lower osmolarity d. higher volume and higher osmolarity

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Textbook Question

To test the hypothesis that mussels are osmoconformers, researchers exposed mussels to water of varying osmolarities and then drew hemolymph samples from the mussels. Graph the data provided here. Put the independent variable on the x--axis and the dependent variable on the y-axis. Is the researchers' hypothesis supported by the data? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Fish and other aquatic organisms are exposed to many types of water pollutants, including metals such as aluminum. Although a low level of aluminum is found in unpolluted water, many lakes and streams have an increased level because of mining, sewage treatment, and accidental spills of toxic materials. Aluminum pollution can result in mass fish die-offs such as the one pictured here. How does this occur? Which of the following is an osmoregulatory challenge that freshwater fishes need to overcome? a. diffusion of sodium ions out of the body b. diffusion of water out of the body c. active transport of sodium ions out of the body d. active transport of water out of the body

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Textbook Question

Fish and other aquatic organisms are exposed to many types of water pollutants, including metals such as aluminum. Although a low level of aluminum is found in unpolluted water, many lakes and streams have an increased level because of mining, sewage treatment, and accidental spills of toxic materials. Aluminum pollution can result in mass fish die-offs. Why did the scientists do this experiment in a laboratory instead of simply collecting fish from a river with a high aluminum level and documenting their osmoregulatory ability?

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Textbook Question

Fish and other aquatic organisms are exposed to many types of water pollutants, including metals such as aluminum. Although a low level of aluminum is found in unpolluted water, many lakes and streams have an increased level because of mining, sewage treatment, and accidental spills of toxic materials. Aluminum pollution can result in mass fish die-offs. The scientists also measured the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase, in the gills of the fish exposed to aluminum and compared it to that of the control fish. What do you suppose were their results? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Fish and other aquatic organisms are exposed to many types of water pollutants, including metals such as aluminum. Although a low level of aluminum is found in unpolluted water, many lakes and streams have an increased level because of mining, sewage treatment, and accidental spills of toxic materials. Aluminum pollution can result in mass fish die-offs. True or false: Water moves by osmosis across a fish's gills to an area with a higher sodium ion concentration because water molecules are attracted to the sodium ions.

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