Evaluate the following statements regarding motility in protists. Select True or False for each statement. T/F Amoeboid motion is common in species with cell walls. T/F Some protists use flagella to swim. T/F Some protists use cilia to swim, which are shorter and more numerous than flagella. T/F Amoeboid motion requires ATP and interactions between the proteins actin and myosin.

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1. False. Amoeboid motion is not common in species with cell walls because the rigid structure of the cell wall restricts the flexibility needed for the amoeboid movement, which involves flowing projections of cytoplasm called pseudopodia.
2. True. Some protists, such as certain species of algae and protozoa, use flagella to swim. Flagella are long, whip-like structures that propel the organism through water.
3. True. Some protists use cilia to swim. Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella and move in a coordinated, wave-like fashion to propel the organism.
4. True. Amoeboid motion requires ATP as an energy source and involves interactions between the proteins actin and myosin, which are part of the cytoskeleton and help in the movement by contracting and relaxing.

Key Concepts

Amoeboid Motion

Amoeboid motion is a type of movement used by certain protists, characterized by the extension of pseudopodia, or 'false feet.' This form of locomotion is primarily facilitated by the cytoskeleton, particularly the protein actin, which allows the cell to change shape and move. It is important to note that amoeboid motion is typically found in organisms that lack rigid cell walls, as these walls would restrict the flexibility needed for such movement.

Flagella and Cilia

Flagella and cilia are hair-like structures that protrude from the surface of many protists and are used for locomotion. Flagella are usually longer and fewer in number, allowing for a whip-like motion that propels the organism through water. In contrast, cilia are shorter and more numerous, beating in coordinated waves to create movement. Both structures are essential for the motility of various protist species, enabling them to navigate their aquatic environments.

Energy Requirements for Motility

The motility of protists, whether through amoeboid motion, flagella, or cilia, requires energy in the form of ATP. This energy is necessary for the biochemical processes that drive movement, including the interactions between actin and myosin in amoeboid motion. These protein interactions facilitate muscle-like contractions that enable the cell to move. Understanding the energy dynamics involved in motility is crucial for evaluating the statements regarding protist movement.