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Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes
Chapter 22, Problem 4

Evaluate this statement: Gene flow increases the genetic divergence of populations.

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1
Understand the concept of gene flow: Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material (alleles) from one population to another. It typically occurs when individuals from one population migrate to another and breed, introducing new alleles to the receiving population.
Recognize the effect of gene flow on genetic variation: Gene flow generally increases genetic variation within a population by introducing new alleles. This can lead to increased genetic diversity if the incoming alleles are different from those already present in the population.
Contrast gene flow with genetic divergence: Genetic divergence refers to the process by which two or more populations become genetically different over time, often due to factors like natural selection, genetic drift, and limited gene flow.
Analyze the statement in context: The statement 'Gene flow increases the genetic divergence of populations' is generally incorrect. Gene flow tends to decrease genetic divergence between populations by making their gene pools more similar, not more different.
Consider exceptions and complexities: In some specific cases, gene flow could contribute to genetic divergence if it introduces alleles that lead to different selective pressures or if it occurs asymmetrically among populations. However, these are exceptions and not the general rule.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Gene Flow

Gene flow, also known as gene migration, refers to the transfer of genetic material between populations through processes such as migration and interbreeding. This exchange can introduce new alleles into a population, increasing genetic diversity and potentially altering allele frequencies. Understanding gene flow is crucial for evaluating its impact on population genetics and evolutionary processes.
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Gene Flow

Genetic Divergence

Genetic divergence occurs when two or more populations accumulate genetic differences over time, often due to factors like natural selection, genetic drift, or isolation. This process can lead to the formation of new species as populations adapt to their unique environments. Evaluating the relationship between gene flow and genetic divergence is essential for understanding evolutionary dynamics.
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Population Genetics

Population genetics is the study of genetic variation within populations and how it changes over time due to evolutionary processes. It encompasses concepts such as allele frequency, genetic drift, and selection pressures. Analyzing gene flow within the framework of population genetics helps clarify its role in either promoting genetic similarity or divergence among populations.
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Mendelian and Population Genetics