Alpha Helix Pitch and Rise - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Alpha Helix Pitch and Rise
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In this video, we're gonna talk about the alpha helix pitch and rise. So both the alpha helix pitch and rise are referring to a specific length or distance along the alpha helix axis. And so the alpha helix pitch is literally just the length or distance per turn along the alpha helix axis between adjacent corresponding points. And because the pitch is literally just the length or distance, it's measured in units of distance. And the pitch is literally equal to 5.4 angstroms, and angstroms is a unit of distance symbolized with the symbol shown here. And so down below in our example, you can see that 1 angstrom is equivalent to 10 to the negative 10th meters. And because the pitch is literally the length or distance per turn, the pitch literally indicates one single turn of the alpha helix backbone. And in one single turn of the alpha helix backbone, there are 3.6 amino acid residues. And so taking a look down below at our example, you'll see we have a backbone and an alpha helix conformation. And you can tell because the backbone is coiling up and making these spiral like conformation where it's making these 360 degree rotations of the backbone. And so notice that the R groups of the backbone are completely excluded in this image, so that we can only focus on the backbone. And notice that this white pole that's going through the center here is the alpha helix axis. And so, literally, the pitch is a specific distance along the alpha helix axis that corresponds to one turn of the backbone. So you can see that the pitch is literally referring to the distance between these two adjacent corresponding points. And that's, essentially indicating one single turn of the backbone, which is 360 degrees of rotation of the backbone. And then in one turn, we know that there are 3.6 amino acid residues, as we indicated helix rise is also a specific length or distance along the alpha helix axis. But it's not the length or distance per turn. It's the length or distance covered per amino acid residue. And so in order to get the rise, which is the distance per amino acid residue, we take the pitch, which is the length along the axis per turn, divided by the number of residues and that will give us the rise. So essentially, if you take 5.4 and divide it by 3.6, you'll get the rise, which is 1.5. And so down below in our image, we can indicate that the rise is 1 point 5. And again, that's the distance between, or the distance covered along the axis for 1 amino acid residue. And because in one turn there are 360 degrees of rotation, and also in one turn there are 3.6 amino acid residues, so 3.6 residues. Essentially, if you take 360 and divide it by 3.6, you'll get an answer of a 100 degrees, which says that there's a 100 degrees of rotation of the backbone per residue. And that's exactly what this next point down here is saying, essentially that the alpha helix backbone turns a 100 degrees per residue. And that's why we see that the rise is associated with a 100 degrees of rotation of the backbone. And so, in our next lesson video, we'll talk about how we can use the alpha helix pitch and rise to calculate the length of an alpha helix. And so that concludes our lesson on the alpha helix pitch and rise, and I'll see you guys in our next video.
2
Problem
Problem
How many amino acid residues are needed for the α-helix backbone to obtain exactly one full periodic repeat?
A
1.5
B
3.6
C
5.4
D
18
3
concept
Alpha Helix Pitch and Rise
Video duration:
1m
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Video transcript
So now that we know about the alpha helix pitch and the rise, we can talk about how to calculate the length of an alpha helix. And so, the length of an alpha helix can actually be pretty easily calculated. All you really need to know is the total number of amino acid residues and you need to be able to remember the alpha helix rise, which remember that the rise is the length per residue and that's that small distance of just 1.5 angstroms. So down below, we have the equation for calculating the length of an alpha helix And again, it's just gonna be the total number of amino acid residues multiplied by the alpha helix rise, which again is just 1.5 angstroms. And so down below in our example, it's asking us what is the length of an alpha helix helix here, let's say this is our alpha helix, basically, it's saying that from this point to this point over here, that there are 52 amino acids, a a. And so for the length, if we're calculating the length, all we need to know is the total number of amino acid residues in the alpha helix, which is 52, so 52 amino acids. And we we need to multiply this by our rise, and our rise is just 1.5 angstroms. And so if we type this into our calculator, 52 times 1.5, what comes out is 78 angstroms. And so this matches up with answer option d. So we can go ahead, give d a check mark to indicate d is correct, and all our other ones here are incorrect and we can cross them off. So it's a pretty easy formula. Take the number of residues, multiply it by the rise. So, we'll get some practice calculating the length of an alpha helix and our practice problems. So I'll see you in those videos.
4
Problem
Problem
Suppose a cell membrane is 45 Å thick & an embedded protein has 7 parallel transmembrane α-helical segments. Calculate the minimum # of aa-residues required for all 7 α-helical segments to traverse the membrane.
A
125 residues.
B
39 residues.
C
71 residues.
D
210 residues.
5
Problem
Problem
Hair is predominantly made of α-helix structures. Suppose hair grows at a rate of 20 cm/year. What is the rate at which amino acid residues are synthesized to account for the indicated growth of hair?